El intaba-mlilo eTonga eyagqabhuka nge-15 kaJanuwari 2022, ibekwe malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-30 kumzantsi-mpuma we-Fonuafoʻou, isiqithi esiyinxalenye yesizwe saseTonga. NgoJanuwari 15, ilizwe elikwisiqithi iTonga kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki laqalisa ukudubula. Izilumkiso ze-tsunami zakhutshwa eSamoa, eNew Zealand, eOstreliya, eBaja California, e-US West Coast, eJapan, ePeru naseChile ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ephantsi kwamanzi, eyabangela i-tsunami echaphazela iziqithi zelizwe kunye nonxweme lwaseFiji.
Siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyazi malunga nokugqabhuka kwentaba-mlilo yaseTonga, zithini iimpawu zayo kunye neziphumo zayo.
imvelaphi yentaba-mlilo
Emva kokuba intaba-mlilo ithe cwaka ukusukela ngo-2014, iHunga Tonga yagqabhuka nge-20 kaDisemba, 2021, ithumela amasuntswana kwistratosphere, ikhatshwa luthuthu olukhulu olubonakala kwiNuku'alofa, ikomkhulu laseTonga, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-70 ukusuka kwintaba-mlilo. Iziko lokulumkisa uthuthu lwentaba-mlilo (VAAC) eWellington, eNew Zealand, ikhuphe isilumkiso kwiinqwelomoya ukuba uqhushumbo luvakala kumgama oziikhilomitha ezili-100 (iikhilomitha ezili-170). Ukuqhuma kokuqala kwaphela ngoDisemba 21 kwiiyure ze-0200. Intaba-mlilo yaqhubeka, yaye ngoDisemba 25, esi siqithi sasisanda ngobukhulu kwimifanekiso yesathelayithi. Ngomsebenzi ocuthiweyo esiqithini, kwabhengezwa ukuba ayisebenzi nge-11 kaJanuwari ka-2022.
Ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu lokuqala lwarekhodwa nge-14 kaJanuwari ngo-2022, lwathumela ilifu lothuthu kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 phezulu kwiatmosfera. Olu gqabhuko-dubulo lwaluvakala kumgama weekhilomitha ezingamashumi ukusuka ngakulo, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba kubekho isilumkiso esivela kwabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni. Abahlali baseFiji bachaza iindudumo ezifana neendudumo. Uqhushumbo lwavakala kwiSiqithi esikuMntla waseNew Zealand nakunxweme olusempuma yeOstreliya. Esithubeni, iisathelayithi ezisasaza kwiPasifiki ziye zakwazi ukubamba ikholamu yogqabhuko-dubulo olubanzi kakhulu olunamaza othusayo.
Ukudubula kwentaba-mlilo eTonga
Ugqabhuko-dubulo lwabangela ukuba abantu baphume kunxweme lwaseTonga, kunye neziqithi ezininzi zaseMzantsi Pacific, kunye nemifanekiso kumajelo eendaba ezentlalo ebonisa amaza antlitheka kumakhaya aselunxwemeni. Umnxeba kunye neentambo ze-intanethi nazo zasikwa. Intaba-mlilo yaseTonga yabonisa ukusebenza kweyoMnga, kodwa le yayingenakuthelekiswa nanto: yayinamandla aphindwe kasixhenxe.
Le ntaba-mlilo yakhupha umphunga, igesi, nothuthu kumphakamo oziikhilomitha ezingama-20 kunye neradiyasi yeekhilomitha ezingama-260. Uthuthu luye lwafikelela nakwikomkhulu, iNuku’alofa, yaye ngokutsho kwamanye amangqina, isandi soqhushumbo sinokuvakala kumakhulu eekhilomitha kwiindawo ezikude njengeFiji okanye ichweba laseVanuatu. IHunga Tonga Hunga Ha'apai sele iqalile imisebenzi yayo ekupheleni kuka-2021.
I-GOES West satellite yoLawulo lweSizwe lwe-Oceanic kunye ne-Atmospheric (NOAA) yabelane ngemifanekiso ebanjwe kummandla kwiwebhusayithi yayo esemthethweni. Wachaza ukuba ukwandiswa kwekholomu ye-ash kunye namaza obunzima kunokubonwa kwiirekhodi. Ikwabonelela ngemifanekiso yebhendi ebonakalayo "ebomvu", enikezela ngesona sisombululo sineenkcukacha sawo nawuphi na umfanekiso osisiseko okwisathelayithi okwinqanaba eliphezulu.
ukuveliswa kwetsunami
Itsunami ebangelwe kukudubula kwentaba-mlilo engaphantsi kolwandle ephuma eTonga yabetha unxweme olusentshona lwe-United States kunye neCanada ngoMgqibelo, ngamaza angaphezulu kweenyawo ezintathu ukuphakama ngesihlandlo esinye kwaye abangela izikhukula ezincinci kwiindawo zaseCalifornia.
Amaza arekhodiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ukusuka kwi-7 yeesentimitha e-Alameda (eCalifornia) ukuya kuthi ga kwiisentimitha ezingama-24 ePort St. Louis, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-300 kumntla weLos Angeles kwakwelo lizwe, ngokwenkonzo ye-NOAA. Impembelelo yeza nangona unxweme lwaseKhalifoniya luphantse lube ziikhilomitha ezingama-8.700 (iikhilomitha ezingama-5.400) ukusuka kwisiqithi esikumazantsi ePasifiki eTonga, apho ugqabhuko lwenzeka khona. Unxweme lwaseJapan lwePasifiki luhlaselwe ekuqaleni kwale Cawa.
Uthe i-tsunami yabangela "izikhukhula ezilula" eSanta Cruz, eCalifornia, iilwandle zavalwa kwaye abantu bakhutshwa kwiindawo zorhwebo kufuphi nonxweme, nangona kungekho mntu unyanzeliswa ukuba ashiye amakhaya abo.
EBerkeley, eCalifornia. abantu abamalunga ne-110 baye bakhutshwa kwizikhephe nakwizikhululo eziselunxwemeni; Uninzi lweelwandle ezikumazantsi elizwe zivaliwe ngenxa yesilumkiso, ingxelo yendawo yaseBerkeleyside.
Iiyure emva kokuba inkonzo ikhuphe isilumkiso se-tsunami eHawaii, isilumkiso se-tsunami sarhoxiswa emva kokuqinisekisa ukuba amaza alo bukhulu akazange enzeka kwiziqithi zase-US Pacific. Endaweni yoko, i-NOAA igcina izilumkiso zetsunami eCalifornia, Oregon, Washington kunye neAlaska, ngokunjalo. njengaseBritish Columbia, eCanada.
Inkonzo yaseChile yaseNaval Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOA) yaqinisekisa ukuba awona maza makhulu avakala kwezinye izixeko ezikumantla welizwe, njengeIquique neAtacama, apho kwabakho izikhukula ezincinane.
Umonakalo wentaba-mlilo yaseTonga
Ugqabhuko-dubulo olunamandla lwentaba-mlilo ephantsi kwamanzi eTonga, olwalunamandla kangangokuba lwalubonakala lusemajukujukwini yaye lwavakala kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, olona lwandlekazi lukhulu ehlabathini, luye lwabulala ubuncinane abantu ababini ePeru kwelinye icala laloo manzi, yaye isilumkiso setsunami sathi. ikhutshiwe. yaqalisa ukusuka eJapan ukuya kunxweme olusentshona lweUnited States, ngokufuduswa eChile ukuya eOstreliya. Kodwa eyona ntshabalalo inkulu yabhalwa eTonga, ubukumkani beziqithi ezincinane ezili-170 ezinabemi abamalunga ne-105.000 XNUMX kuMzantsi Pasifiki.
Uninzi lwezikhululo zemozulu zaseCatalan zinokurekhoda utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomphezulu womoya. Enye yazo yiFabra Observatory e-Barcelona, umphathi wakhe u-Alfons Puertas erekhodiweyo kwiinethiwekhi zentlalo ezingaqhelekanga kwiirekhodi zoxinzelelo zeCatalan capital emva kogqabhuko-dubulo lodushe, into efanayo nayo ibhalwe kwindawo yokujonga iSelvi Meteorological Observatory. . ICatalonia (Meteocat). Ukothuka kolu gqabhuko-dubulo lwarekhodwa phakathi kobusuku bangoMgqibelo nangentsasa yangeCawa, xa uxinzelelo lomoya lwatshintsha ngesiquphe.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo yaseTonga.