Ngexesha lasehlotyeni amaqondo obushushu kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi aphezulu kakhulu. Le yinto sonke esiyicingileyo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ubushushu bunokugqithisa kwaye zihlala iintsuku ezininzi, iiveki kunye neenyanga.
Le nto yaziwa njenge ubushushu, kwaye inokuba neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kwimpilo nakubomi.
Yintoni ubushushu obushushu?
Ubushushu obushushu ngu isiqendu samaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga ahlala iintsuku okanye iiveki ezininzi kwaye achaphazela nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yejografi yelizwe. Zingaphi iintsuku okanye iiveki? Inyaniso kukuba akukho nkcazo "yaseburhulumenteni", ke kunzima ukuchaza ukuba zingaphi.
E-Spain kuthiwa ngumsinga wobushushu xa kubhalwa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu (kuthatha ixesha lowe-1971 ukuya ku-2000 njengesalathiso) kwi-10% yezikhululo zemozulu ubuncinci iintsuku ezintathu. Kodwa ngokwenene lo mqobo unokwahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwilizwe, umzekelo:
- En los ENetherlands Kuthathelwa ingqalelo ubushushu xa amaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwama-5ºC erekhodwa ubuncinci iintsuku ezi-25 eDe Bilt, ongumasipala wephondo lase-Utrecht (Holland).
- En los EUnited States: ukuba amaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-32,2ºC arekhodwa iintsuku ezi-3 okanye nangaphezulu.
Xa isenzeka?
Uninzi lwexesha zenzeka ngexesha le-canicular, edla ngokwenzeka ehlotyeni. Inkqubo ye- ICanelula Lelona xesha lishushu kakhulu enyakeni, kwaye kwenzeka phakathi kukaJulayi 15 no-Agasti 15. Kutheni kusithiwa zezona suku zishushu?
Sithanda ukucinga ukuba usuku lokuqala lwehlobo (nge-21 kaJuni eMantla eIkhweyitha kunye ne-21 kaDisemba kwiZwe laseMazantsi) lolona suku lushushu, kodwa akusoloko kunjalo. Isijikelezi-langa esinguMhlaba, njengokuba sisazi, sijikeleza ngokwaso, kodwa sikwahamba kancinci. Umhla we Ihlobo laseSolsticeImitha yelanga ifikelela kuthi ngqo, kodwa okoko amanzi nomhlaba besandula ukuqalisa ukubamba ubushushu, iqondo lobushushu lihlala lizinzile.
Okwangoku, ukuya Njengoko ihlobo liqhubeka namanzi olwandle, ethe yahlaziya umoya ngoku, kwaye umhlaba uya kufudumala ngokwaneleyo ukuqala ixesha elishushu kakhulu, esinokuba sikhulu ngakumbi okanye kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo esihlala kuyo. Yiyo loo nto, umzekelo, kwimozulu yohlobo lweMeditera ngexesha lokushushubeza kushushu ubushushu obushushu obunokwenzeka.
Zeziphi iziphumo ezinokubakho xa kushushu ubushushu?
Nangona zizinto zendalo kwaye akukho ndlela sinokuyenza ngaphandle kokuzama ukuziqhelanisa kangangoko sinako, ukuba asithathi manyathelo afanelekileyo sinokufumana iziphumo, ezingabalulekanga.
Ukutsha kwamahlathi
Xa kukho ubushushu ngexesha lembalela, amahlathi asengozini enkulu yokubamba umlilo. Ngo-2003, EPortugal kuphela, umlilo utshabalalise ngaphezulu kwe-3.010 km2 yehlathi.
Ukufa
Abantwana, abantu abadala kunye nabo bagulayo ngabona basemngciphekweni wamaza obushushu. Ukuqhubeka nomzekelo walowo wango-2003, ngaphezulu kwe-1000 yokufa kwenzeka phakathi evekini, nangaphezu kwe-10.000 XNUMX eFransi.
ZeMpilo
Xa kushushu kakhulu, imood yethu inokutshintsha kakhulu, ngakumbi ukuba asiqhelananga nayo. Kodwa xa kushushu kakhulu, ukuba amanyathelo afanelekileyo akathathwanga sinokubethwa sistroke okanye hyperthermia. Ngokukodwa abona bancinci kunye nabadala, kunye nabagulayo nabatyebileyo, ngabona bantu basemngciphekweni omkhulu.
Ukutya umbane
Ngeli xesha lishushu kakhulu umbane wethu osebenzisa isibhakabhaka, hayi ngelize, kufuneka sizipholele kwaye ngenxa yoko sifaka iifeni kunye / okanye sivule isixhobo somoya. Kodwa oku kunokuba yingxaki, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kunokukhokelela ukusilela umbane.
Amaza obushushu abaluleke kakhulu
Ubushushu eYurophu, 2003
I-Chile, 2017
Phakathi kukaJanuwari 25 nowama-27, iChile yafumana elinye lawona mazwe obushushu mabi embalini. Kwizixeko zaseQuillón naseCauquenes, amaxabiso asondele kakhulu ku-45ºC, Ukubhalisa i-44,9ºC kunye ne-44,5ºC ngokwahlukeneyo.
I-Indiya, 2015
Ngenyanga kaCanzibe, ngexesha lokuqala lonyaka elomileyo eIndiya kwabakho amaqondo obushushu angaphaya kwama-47ºC, akhokelele ekufeni ngaphezulu kwabantu abangama-2.100 XNUMX kude kube ngama-31 enyangeni.
EYurophu, 2003
Ubushushu be-2003 yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kubantu baseYurophu. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu abhalwa emazantsi eYurophu, ngamaxabiso anje nge-47,8ºC eDenia (Alicante, Spain), okanye 39,8ºC eParis (France).
Udlule 14.802 abantu phakathi kuka-Agasti 1 no-15.
ISpain, ngo-1994
Kwiveki ephelileyo kaJuni neyokuqala kaJulayi, eSpain, ngakumbi kwingingqi yeMeditera, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu, njengalawo aseMurcia (47,2ºC), eAlicante (41,4ºC), e IHuelva (41,4ºC), okanye ePalma (Mallorca) 39,4ºC.
Iingcebiso zokujongana nazo kangangoko
Xa kushushu ubushushu, kuya kufuneka wenze nantoni na ukuze ujongane nayo. Nazi iingcebiso ezimbalwa ezinokukunceda:
- Hlala unamanzi: Sukulinda de unxanelwe ukusela amanzi. Ngobushushu obugqithisileyo, ulwelo lulahleka ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yoko kubalulekile ukuba umzimba uhlale unamanzi.
- Yitya ukutya okutshaNjengokuba uthanda izitya ezishushu, ehlotyeni kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, ngexesha lobushushu, kuphephe ukuzitya
- Nxiba i-sunscreenNokuba uyaya elwandle okanye uhambe, ulusu lomntu lubuthathaka kakhulu kwaye lunokutsha ngokulula elangeni.
- Kuphephe ukuphuma emini: Ngelo xesha imitha ifika ngokuthe nkqo, ngenxa yoko inefuthe elikhulu emhlabeni kwaye, nasemzimbeni.
- Zikhusele elangeniNxiba impahla ekhanyayo (umbala okhanyayo ubonakalisa ukukhanya kwelanga), nxiba iiglasi zelanga, kwaye uhlale emthunzini ukunqanda iingxaki.
Amaza obushushu zizinto ezinokwenzeka rhoqo ngonyaka. Kubalulekile ukuhlala ukhuselekile.