Buyintoni ubushushu, bulinganiswa njani kwaye benzelwe ntoni?

Kwimozulu, isayensi, uphononongo lotshintsho lwemozulu kunye ne-ecosystems kwaye, ngokubanzi, kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kubalulekile ukwazi ubushushu. Ubushushu yipropathi ebonakalayo enokulinganiswa kwaye ukuba luncedo kwayo kukhulu ekuqondeni izinto ezininzi kule planethi.

Ikwaqwalaselwa njengotshintsho olubalulekileyo lwemozulu kwaye yiyo loo nto siza kugxininisa zonke iimpawu zobushushu. Yintoni ekufuneka uyazi malunga neqondo lobushushu?

Amaqondo obushushu kunye nokubaluleka kwawo

Ehlabathini kuyaziwa ukuba iqondo lobushushu yenye yezinto ezinkulu ezo ngaphezulu zisetyenziselwa ukuchaza nokuchaza imeko yomoya ojikeleze umhlaba. Ezindabeni, xa sithetha ngemozulu, kuhlala kukho icandelo elinikezelwe kumaqondo obushushu esiya kuba nawo, kuba kubalulekile ukuze sichaze imeko yemozulu yendawo yethu. Iqondo lobushushu liyatshintsha imini yonke, liyahluka kwiintsuku ezinamafu, okanye ngumoya, ebusuku, ukusuka kwelinye ixesha ukuya kwelinye, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, njl. Asisoze saba nobushushu obulinganayo kunye nozinzo kwiiyure ezininzi.

Ngamanye amaxesha, sifumanisa ukuba ebusika amaqondo obushushu ehla ngaphantsi kwe-0 ° C kwaye ehlotyeni kwiindawo ezininzi (kwaye ngokunyuka ngenxa yokufudumala kwehlabathi) ayenyuka kwaye abekwe ngaphezulu kwama-40 ° C. Kwi-physics, ubushushu buchazwa njengobungakanani obuhambelana indlela ezikhawuleza ngayo amasuntswana enza umba wokuhamba. Ukunyuka kokuphazamiseka kwala masuntswana, kuyanda ubushushu. Kungenxa yoko le nto xa sigodola sihlikihla izandla zethu, kuba ukungqubana okuqhubekayo kunye nokuhamba kwamasuntswana enza ulusu lwethu kubangela ukuba ubushushu bonyuke kwaye siyashushu.

Sibulinganisa njani ubushushu?

Ukuze sikwazi ukulinganisa iqondo lobushushu, kufuneka sizisekele kwiipropathi ezibalulekileyo xa zitshintshwe lutshintsho kulo. Oko kukuthi, kude kube kutshanje, ubushushu bulinganiswe ngeemomomitha zeemercury, ngokusekwe kulwandiso lwe-mercury yentsimbi enobushushu obandayo. Ngale ndlela, kwisikali se-degrees Celsius, sinokwazi ukuba zingaphi iqondo lobushushu esikuzo okanye zizinto ezithile.

Ezinye iindlela zokulinganisa ubushushu ngokusekwe kwiipropathi zomcimbi kukuhlalutya ukuxhathisa kombane kwezinye izinto, umthamo womzimba, umbala wento, njl.

Ubuninzi kunye namaqondo asezantsi obushushu kwimeteorology

Iimozulu zihlala zithetha ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nawona asezantsi. Kwaye kukuba kwimozulu kuqhelekile ukuthetha ngayo ubuninzi kunye namaqondo obushushu asezantsi, amaxabiso aphezulu nawona asezantsi arekhodwe ixesha elingaphezulu, njl. Ngale milinganiselo, iirekhodi zobushushu ziyenziwa ezisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iimpawu zemozulu yommandla. Yiyo loo nto xa sithetha ngendoda yemozulu sithetha ngemozulu kwaye xa sithetha ngamaqondo obushushu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi sithetha ngemozulu.

Ukulinganisa ubushushu obugqithisileyo, kusetyenziswa iithemometha eziphezulu nezona zisezantsi.

• Ithemometha ephezulu iqulathe ithemometha eqhelekileyo, ityhubhu enokuthi ikrwitshekele ngaphakathi kufutshane netanki: xa ubushushu bonyuka, ukwanda kweemekyuri etankini kutyhala ngamandla aneleyo ukoyisa ukuxhathisa okuchaswe ngumqala. Kwelinye icala, xa amaqondo obushushu esihla kunye nobunzima beemvumelwano ze-mercury, ikholamu iyaqhekeka, ishiya, ke, isiphelo sayo simahla sesona sikhundla sihambileyo esihleli kuso lonke ixesha lokuphumla.
• Ubuncinci bethemometha butywala kwaye inesalathiso se-enamel efakwe kulwelo ngaphakathi. Xa ubushushu buphakama, utywala budlula phakathi kweendonga zetyhubhu kunye nesalathiso, kwaye asihambi; Kwelinye icala, xa iqondo lobushushu linciphile, utywala butsala isalathiso sokuhamba sibuyele umva kuba sidibana nenkcaso enkulu yokushiya ulwelo. Isikhundla sesalathiso, ke, sibonisa obona bushushu busezantsi bufikelelweyo.

Silinganisa ubushushu kweziphi iiyunithi?

Phantse kubo bonke ubungakanani bomzimba kukho iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zemilinganiselo ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba apho ufuna ukulinganisa khona. Ubushushu abukho ngaphandle kwaye ke sineeyunithi ezintathu zemilinganiselo yeqondo lobushushu:

• Isikali ngeeCelsius (° C): Siqulathe ukwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwahlulwe kube ngamakhefu ali-100, apho i-0 ingqinelana nendawo yokubanda yamanzi kunye ne-100 kwindawo yalo yokubila. Ibonakalisiwe nge-degree centigrade kwaye yeyona sihlala siyisebenzisa.
• Isikali seFahrenheit (ºF): Ihlala isetyenziswa eMelika. Ithemometha iphumelele phakathi kwe-32ºF (ehambelana ne-0ºC) kunye ne-212ºF (ehambelana ne-100ºC).
• Isikali seKelvin (K): Lelona nqanaba lisetyenziswa kakhulu zizazinzulu. Isikali esingenawo amaxabiso ashushu obushushu kwaye i-zero yayo ikwisimo apho amasuntswana enza umbandela angahambi. Indawo yokubilisa yamanzi ingqinelana ne-373 K kunye neqondo lokukhenkca ukuya kuma-273 K. Ke ngoko, utshintsho kwi-1 degree kwisikali seKelvin luyafana notshintsho lwenqanaba eli-1 kwisikali seCelsius.

Sazi njani ukuba silinganisa iqondo lobushushu kakuhle?

Omnye wemicimbi ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele xa ulinganisa ubushushu bomoya siyazi apho kufuneka sibeke khona ithemometha ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo nangokuchanekileyo ixabiso lobushushu. Kuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nokuphakama esikubeka kuyo, kunokusibangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, ukuba siyibeka ecaleni kodonga, iya kulinganisa ubushushu bayo; ukuba ivezwe ngumoya iya kuphawula ixabiso elinye kwaye ukuba ikhuselekile iya kuphawula elinye; ukuba iphantsi kwentshukumo ethe ngqo yelanga, iya kuthabatha imitha yelanga kunye nobushushu ngaphandle kokungenelela komoya, ebonisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunobo bomoya.

Ukuthintela zonke ezi ngxaki kwaye ukuba izazi zemozulu kwihlabathi liphela zinokuthelekisa imilinganiselo yazo kunye nedatha ethembekileyo, uMbutho weMeteorological weHlabathi umisele imigaqo yokulinganisa ubushushu ngokulinganayo kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi. Ithemometha Kufuneka zingene umoya, zikhuseleke emvuleni nakwimitha yelanga ngqo, kwaye kubude obuthile emhlabeni (ukuze amandla afunxwe ngumhlaba emini angatshintshi imilinganiselo).

Njengoko ubona, ubushushu yinto esisiseko kwimeteorology kwaye kungenxa yezi rekhodi zobushushu ukuba idatha kwimozulu yeplanethi ifunyenwe. Ngokujonga utshintsho kwimozulu eveliswa ngabantu, sinokuthi senze kwezona ndawo zichaphazelekayo.

Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba ubalo lwe-thermal lubalwa njani, ungathandabuzi ukucofa apha:

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