Omnye wemigca yolwandle ebaluleke kakhulu kwisicwangciso I-Kerch Strait. Ukusukela lo mnxantathu ubonelela ngokuhambelana okukhulu kweqhinga, ibingumthombo weembambano ezininzi phakathi kweUkraine neRussia. Phakathi kwezi ndawo kuye kwakho izehlo ezininzi ngenxa yokuba ngubani umnini wale ndawo yeqhinga. Isiganeko samva nje ngo-2014 siphawula ukungavisisani okukhoyo phakathi kwala mazwe mabini, ngakumbi oko iRussia yathimba ipeninsula yaseUkraine yaseCrimea.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu kunye nokubaluleka kwesicwangciso kunye nolwakhiwo olwenziwe kwiKerch Strait.
IPanorama yeKerch Strait
IKerch Strait idibanisa uLwandle lweAzov kunye noLwandle oluMnyama. Oku kwenza ikhonkco elibalulekileyo kwikhonkco elidibanisa iRussia neMeditera. Ngombulelo koluxinano, iRussia ingathatha izibonelelo kwiMeditera. Ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho iKerch Strait ibiyenye yezitshixo zokudibanisa ubudlelwane phakathi kweMoscow neCrimea emva kwesihlomelo sayo. Kungenxa yokuba le bhulorho iwela amanzi aphesheya. Le bhulorho yabhengezwa ukuba yahlulwe ukuze idibanise umhlaba kuthungelwano lwezothutho lwaseRussia kwaye, ekugqibeleni, kuyaziwa ukuba inika ulawulo lokugqibela lwazo zonke iindlela zolwandle ngaphakathi nangaphandle koLwandle iAzov.
I-Russia isebenzise iKerch Strait Bridge njengesixhobo sezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Izizathu zakho zokuba ukwazi ukuseka amanyathelo asemthethweni kule bhulorho kukuba inika izizathu zokhuseleko. Ngesi sizathu, abasemagunyeni baseRussia bahambisa iinqanawa zabarhwebi ezidlula phantsi kwale bhulorho kuhlolo olude. Olu hlolo, amaxesha ngamaxesha, lunokuthatha ukuya kwiintsuku ezininzi. Ezi nqanawa zabarhwebi zimiselwe ikakhulu amazibuko aseUkraine kuLwandle lwaseAzov.
Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba abasemagunyeni baseUkraine batyhola iRashiya ngokubaxinzelela kwezoqoqosho ukuze kuxhamle amazibuko aseRussia. Esinye sezikhalazo eUkraine kukuba izibuko laseMariupol livaliwe.
Isigameko kwiKerch Strait
Ngo-2018 nge-25 kaNovemba waba nesigameko kwiKerch Strait. Oku kwenzeke xa inqanawa yemithwalo yaseRussia ibambe iinqanawa ezi-3 zomkhosi waselwandle waseUkraine. Oku kwabangela ukuba iRussian Federal Service Service igxeke iinqanawa ezazingena ngokungekho mthethweni kummandla waseRashiya. Ngokwenza oku okanye baphule umda welizwe njengoko bengakhange bacele mvume yokuwela iKerch Strait.
Ngenxa yesi sehlo saseUkraine, iRussia yadubula yaza yathimba iinqanawa zaseUkraine kunxweme lwaseCrimea. Emva kokuleqana ixesha elide, izikhitshane ezibini zemipu kunye ne-tugboat zabanjwa yimikhosi ekhethekileyo. Amalungu angama-6 abasebenzi baseUkraine balimala ngexesha lemfazwe. Ngemini enye, uMongameli waseUkraine watyikitya umthetho wokusebenzisa umthetho wemfazwe kwaye wavunywa epalamente ngosuku olulandelayo. Ukusukela imeko yokuxinana okunzima kakhulu, izehlo zale ndlela ziye zaqhubeka de IRashiya icele umhlangano ukuze kugcinwe uxolo nokhuseleko lwamanye amazwe.
Ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho yeKerch
Ukuze ukwazi ukudibanisa uLwandle oluMnyama kuLwandle iAzov olwahlula iKerch peninsula kwiTaman peninsula, iKerch Bridge yakhiwa. Zombini iipeninsula zezaseRashiya namhlanje ukusukela eCrimea yayingowaseUkraine kude kube ngoMatshi 2014. Le bhulorho inembali eninzi ukusukela oko AmaJamani azamile ukunyusa kwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi kodwa ekugqibeleni amaRussia aphumelele. Indawo apho kwakhiwa khona ibhulorho yeyona imxinwa, ineekhilomitha ezi-5 kuphela ubude.
Ngo-1944 kwakhiwa ibhulorho kodwa yayingakwazi ukumelana neemeko ezinzima zasebusika kwaye enye efana nelo qhwa lomkhenkce layitshabalalisa. Sele ikhona ngoMeyi ka-2015 kulapho kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho kwezithuthi nakwezothutho lukaloliwe. Kule ndlela ibhulorho imalunga neekhilomitha ezili-19 ubude, ziikhilomitha ezili-12 zendlela yaselwandle.
Kukho ukugxekwa kweprojekthi ikakhulu ngenxa yeemeko zejoloji ezifumaneka apho. Kwaye kuthiwa iprojekthi ishiywe okoko I-substrate enamatye yayiluhlobo lwelitye lekalika kwaye zazininzi imingxunya yekarst Oku kwenza ukuba ibhulorho ingaphili kwaye kuyachazwa ukuba uphando olunzulu lobuchwephesha aluzange lwenziwe. Abakhuseli bale projekthi ngabo bakhusela ukuba ayinakwenziwa ngaphandle kophando olupheleleyo. Umhlaba wonke uphandiwe kwaye zombini iimvavanyo zomthwalo ezi-static kunye namandla zenziwe kwiimfumba. Enkosi kwezi mvavanyo zomthwalo, isiseko sizinzile.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngeKerch Strait.