Iplanethi yethu kucingelwa ukuba yazalwa malunga neminyaka ezi-4.500 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Indlela ebijonge ngayo emva koko ayinanto yakwenza noko sikwaziyo namhlanje. Yayiyingxubevange yamatye angaphakathi angaphakathi ashushu kwaye abangela ukudibana kwazo zonke izinto. Njengokuba ipholile, amacala angaphandle aqina kwaye ubushushu obuvela kumbindi weplanethi bunyibilika kwakhona. Nje ukuba iplanethi ibe nozinzo oluthile, into esiyaziyo njenge ubungumhlaba.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga neendawo eziphambili zejoloji.
Imvelaphi yeplanethi
Kubalulekile ukuba wazi ukuba ukuthathela ingqalelo iindawo zejoloji, isikali Ixesha lejoloji. Xa uMhlaba wawungeyonto ingaphaya kokuhlangana kwamatye anyibilikileyo, awunakuphathwa njengeplanethi. Inkqubo yokupholisa kunye nokufudumeza amatye kwaqhubeka de ubushushu behla phezu komhlaba ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba a Uqweqwe lomhlaba izinzile. Oku kwenzeka kwiminyaka ezi-3.800 yezigidi eyadlulayo.. Ngeli xesha, i-atmosfera njengokuba sisazi ukuba yayingekafiki kwaye uMhlaba wabethwa linani elikhulu leemeteorites.
Ukongeza, kufuneka songeze ukuba iintaba-mlilo bezisebenza ngokugqibeleleyo ukuze lava ibaleke ngaphezulu kobuninzi kwaye ibangele ukuba iqondo lobushushu liphezulu. Inzululwazi izamile ukufundisisa zonke iindawo zejoloji ezizo eziphawula indlela iplanethi yethu eguquka ngayo ixesha elide. Olu phando lunokubakho ngenxa yokufunda kwamatye kunye neefosili eziqulathwe kwezinye.
Emva kokufunda amatye ungazi ulwazi olwahlukileyo olufana:
- Mdala kangakanani umhlaba wethu.
- Amaqondo obushushu abekhona kumaxesha ahlukeneyo esidlule kuwo.
- Iintshukumo ezirekhodwe kuqweqwe lomhlaba kwaye oko kubangele ukwenziwa kweentaba kunye noxinzelelo.
- Umahluko kulwabiwo lomhlaba nolwandle kumphezulu weplanethi. Ezi azizinzanga ngalo lonke ixesha.
Ubudala bomhlaba bubaliwe ngenxa yomgaqo-siseko wezinto ezinemitha yeathom ekhoyo ematyeni. Iiathom zeUranium zitshintsha zibe ziiathom ezikhokelayo ngesantya esiqhelekileyo. Ukuba uthelekisa ubungakanani belothe kwilitye le-uranium, ungabala ukuba ilitye eliqulathiweyo lalisenziwa nini. Le yindlela ulwazi oluvela kwixesha elidlulileyo olufunyenwe ngayo.
Izifundo zobudala bejoloji
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeefosili ezifumaneka kumatye eentlenga nazo ziyafundwa. Siyabulela kula mafossil, iintlobo ezahlukileyo zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezaziphila ngala maxesha ziye zamkelwa. Ukongeza, unokuyazi imozulu ebikhona kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo ngenxa yobukho bezilwanyana ezithile kunye nezityalo ngokufunda ibhayoloji.
Amathambo afumaneka kumatye enzonzobila. Ifosili ayikho enye into ngaphandle kwentsalela yezilwanyana okanye imvelaphi yezityalo egcinwe phantsi komhlaba xa kusenziwa amatye. Kwixesha ngalinye elidlulileyo kwiplanethi yethu, iintlobo ezithile zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ziye zaphila ezingakhange zanyanzelise abanye. Yile ndlela i-geologists inokumisela ngayo xa kwakhiwa ilitye elithile. Enkosi ekuphakameni kweefosili eziqhelekileyo ungazi ubudala belitye.
Ukuvela kweplanethi yethu kuye kwakhiwa kwakhona ngenxa yomhlaba. Amatye e-Sedimentary ngalawo abekwe emazantsi olwandle kunye namachibi ezigidi kunye nezigidi zeminyaka. Amatye asinika ulwazi ngokungathi ngamaphepha encwadi. Ngendlela yokuba kube nakho ukwazi ukuba indaleko yeplanethi yoMhlaba ibinezigaba ezi-4 ezinkulu ezibizwa ngokuba zii-geological eras. Ezi ndawo zejoloji zezi: Iproterozoic, iPaleozoic, iMesozoic, kunye neCenozoic.
Kwakuyi-proterozoic
Oku kwahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba amabini abizwa ngokuba yiArchaic kunye nePrecambrian. Kwi-archaic sinesiqalo sembali apho uMhlaba yayingumda weegesi ze-incandescent ezazifana nokumila kwelanga. Kweli nqanaba kukho ulwakhiwo lwaselwandle kunye nokubonakaliswa kokuqala kobomi. Amatye awenza umphezulu aqhubeka ephola kwaye umoya ubumbekile.
Kwi-Precambrian, uqweqwe lomhlaba lwalubuthathaka kwaye lwenziwe ikakhulu ngegranites kunye neebasalts. Kweli nqanaba, iindawo ezininzi zoMhlaba zahlaselwa ziiarhente zangaphandle ezinje ngemvula, umoya kunye nokwahluka kobushushu okwakhokelela kumhlaba ophakathi. Iifom zobomi zibonakaliswe ngokohlobo lwee-unicellular eziphilayo ezifana neebhaktiriya zanamhlanje. Ezi zinto ziphilayo azinakushiya imikhondo yeefossil.
Ixesha lePaleozoic
Ngeli xesha ilizwe ebesele linikwe amandla lalineempahla zokulala zentlenga ezinamandla. Amatye ayesele lilitye lekalika, iintlobo zemarble kunye nequartzite. Kukuli xesha apho kwasekwa khona amatye atyebileyo e-carbon. Kwakukho ucoceko olukhulu lomoya emoyeni ngenxa yokusasazeka kwezityalo zelizwekazi.
Eli xesha lithathwa njengelixesha leentlanzi kunye neefern ezinkulu. Ixesha elide bekungekho zintlungu ziphambili eMhlabeni. Ithathwa njengenye yeendawo ezizinzileyo zejoloji. Ukhukuliseko lomhlaba kwaye kunciphisa kakhulu ukukhululeka kwemimandla yolwandle evelileyo.
Ixesha leMesozoic
Kulo Ixesha leMesozoic iyaveliswa Ukuqhekeka okukhulu kwelizwekazi eliphambili elibizwa ngokuba yiPangea. Kulapho ithiyori khona Amacwecwe eTectonic. Imozulu yeplanethi yethu yatshintsha amatyeli amaninzi ukusuka kufuma ukuya entlango. Kulapha apho izilwanyana bezisoloko ziguqulwa kwaye zilungelelaniswa nendawo eguqukayo. Ukuqala kweoyile nako kwaqala.
Ixesha leCenozoic
Ngeli xesha elidlulileyo kwiminyaka eyi-60 yezigidi edlulileyo Kulapho kwavela khona izinto zokuqala ezifana nomntu. Ukusuka ekuphelisweni kwe-glaciation yokugqibela kuxa amadoda sele eqalile ukumatsha kancinci ukuya kwimpucuko.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neendlela ezahlukeneyo zejoloji.