Ubulumko bukaMars Yinqwelo-ntaka ekrelekrele, eyona njongo iphambili kukubhabha ngaphezulu kwesijikelezi-langa uMars. Inobunzima obumalunga ne-1.8 kg kuphela, isenza ukuba kube lula kwaye kube lula ukuhambisa. Nangona kunjalo, inemeko enkulu eza kuzisa inkqubela phambili enkulu ekufumanekeni kwendalo iphela.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, ukusebenza kunye nokubaluleka kwe-Ingenuity Mars.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili zehelikopta enqwenela ukuya kwenye iplanethi. I-Ingenuity Marte iveza itekhnoloji ye-state-of-the-art eyenza ukuba ibe luhlaziyo lokuhlola indawo. Yayisuselwe kwiprojekthi efuna ukwamkela umthamo omtsha ngomda olinganiselweyo. Iimpawu ze-4 ezenziwe ngokukodwa ngee-carbon fiber blades ezilungiselelwe kwiirotors ezimbini ezijikeleza kwicala Izichasi ezijikeleze isantya sama-2.400 XNUMX rpm. Esi santya siphindaphindwe amaxesha amaninzi kunenqwelo-ntaka yabakhweli kwiplanethi yethu.
Ikwabonisa iiseli ezintsha zelanga, iibhetri ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye nezinye izinto ezinobunkunkqele. Akaluphathi naluphi na uhlobo lwezixhobo zesayensi ukusukela Luvavanyo olwahlukileyo oluNyamezelayo lweMars 2020. Yinqwelomoya yokuqala ukuzama ukubhabha kulawulo kwenye iplanethi. Kwaye ingelosi ye-Ingenuity Mars izakwenza inzame yokuqala embalini yokuqhushumba enye iplanethi.
Ubunzima bobuhlakani beMars
Eyona nto yenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba ihelikopta ibhabhe eMars yindawo yayo ebhityileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukufumana ilifti eyaneleyo. Kwaye imeko ye-Mars ingaphantsi ngama-99% kunaleyo yoMhlaba. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka ukukhanya, kukhatshwa yirotor enkulu kakhulu kwaye inokujikeleza ngokukhawuleza kunoko bekuya kufuneka kwihelikopta yale modeli eMhlabeni.
Kuya kufuneka ndiqwalasele amaqondo obushushu emhlabeni. Kuqhelekile kumaqondo obushushu kwezinye iindawo ezinje yokwehla kokwehla okungenani i-130 degrees Fahrenheit eyi -90 degrees Celsius. Nangona iqela le-Ingenuity Mars liwavumile amaqondo obushushu anje, kukholelwa ukuba kufuneka enze kakuhle njengoko bekucwangcisiwe. Ingqele iya kutyhiliza umda woyilo lwamacandelo amaninzi ale helikopta.
Kwakhona, umlawuli weenqwelomoya weJPL akazukukwazi ukulawula ihelikopta ngenduku yokudlala. Ukulibaziseka konxibelelwano yinxalenye yendalo yokusebenza kwesiphekepheke kumgama ojikeleze umhlaba. Ii-odolo kufuneka zingeniswe kwangaphambili kwaye idatha yobunjineli iya kubuyiswa ivela kwisiphekepheke ixesha elide emva kwendiza nganye. Kwangelo xesha, ubuhlakani buya kuba nokuzimela okuninzi ekuthatheni isigqibo sendlela yokubhabha kwindlela kwaye uhlale ushushu.
I-Ingenuity Mars sele ibonakalisile ezinye izinto zobunjineli. Iinjineli zibonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwakha inqwelomoya elula ekwaziyo ukuphakamisa ngokwaneleyo kulo moya ubhityileyo kwaye ikwazi ukuphila kwindawo efanayo. Baza kuvavanya iimodeli eziphambili ngakumbi kwii-simulators ezithile zesithuba kwiJPL. Iqela lonke liya kubala inyathelo eliyimpumelelo ngenyathelo ukuze lihlale lihlaziyiwe kukufumanisa okuza kwenziwa.
Amandla e-Ingenuity Mars
Izazinzulu ziya kuba nakho ukubhiyozela impumelelo nganye yesi sixhobo. Kwaye kukusinda kuphela ukumiliselwa ukusuka eKapa eKanaga kunye nokuchitha yonke inqanawa eya eMars kumisa kule planethi, sele iyimpumelelo. Nje ukuba ukwiplanethi ebomvu, kufuneka ngokuzimela uzigcine ushushu ngobusuku obubanda kakhulu beMartian. Uncedo loku unokuhlawuliswa ngokuzimela ngenxa yobukho bepaneli yelanga. Ukuba ihelikopta iphumelele ukusuka kwinqwelomoya yokuqala, ezinye iimvavanyo zovavanyo ziya kuzanywa ngaphakathi iwindow emalunga neentsuku ezingama-30 zeMartian, ezilingana neentsuku ezingama-31 zomhlaba.
Ukuba le mishini iphumelele, ukuphononongwa kwexesha elizayo kwiplanethi ebomvu kunokubandakanya ubukhulu bebhola yomoya. Yenzelwe ukubonisa ukuba itekhnoloji eyimfuneko yokubhabha emoyeni ingakhiwa. Ukuba iphumelele, inokuvumela ukwakhiwa kwezinye iimoto eziqhubela phambili zerobhothi ezinokuthi zibandakanywe kwimishini yeerobhothi kunye neyabantu kwiMars. Banokubonelela ngendawo ekhethekileyo yokubonelela enganikwanga zii-orbiters eziphakamileyo zanamhlanje.
Siyabulela kuphuhliso lolu hlobo lobuchwephesha, siya kuba nakho ukubonelela ngemifanekiso ephezulu kunye nokwamkelwa kobusela babantu, ukuvumela ukufikelela kumhlaba ekunzima ukufikelela kuwo. Lonke iqela Uzame ngako konke okusemandleni ukuvavanya ubuhlakani kwiplanethi yethu iMars. Ukubaluleka kwayo yonke le nto kukufunda ngalo lonke ixesha ukuze ibe ngowona mvuzo ubalaseleyo kwaye ube nakho ukusingatha enye inkalo yendlela esihlola ngayo amanye amazwe kwikamva.
Idatha enomdla
I-Ingenuity Mars iya kuhlala kumhlaba ekuthiwa yi-Jezero crater, umngxuma oziikhilomitha ezingama-45 ububanzi obekwe kumphezulu weplanethi ebomvu kumda osentshona we-Isidis Planitia, isitya esikhulu esinempembelelo kumantla eikhweyitha iMartian. Kwixesha elidlulileyo elidlulileyo, le crater inokuba yayiyindawo entle. Phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ne-4 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, umlambo waqukuqela wangena kumanzi amaninzi alingana neLake Tahoe eUnited States kwaye yafaka intlenge egcwele iicarbonates kunye nezimbiwa zodongwe. Iqela leNzululwazi lokunyamezela likholelwa ukuba lo mlambo wakudala unxweme unokuqokelela kwaye ulondoloze iimolekyuli zezinto eziphilayo kunye neminye imiqondiso enokubakho yobomi begciwane.
Ngaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu, ngamanyathelo amancinci, anyukayo, iinjineli zeJPL zibonise ukuba kunokwenzeka ukwakha isixhobo esincinci esinokuphakamisa ngokwaneleyo kumoya ocekeceke weMars. Inokuphila nakwimeko embi yomhlaba. Iprototype yokugqibela ifuna ukuvavanywa kwamakhulu eemodeli eziqhubela phambili kwisimulator sendawo yeJPL. Ukuba naliphi na kula manyathelo liyasilela, iprojekthi iyakusilela.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda banzi ngobuchwephesha beMars, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kolwazi lwendalo iphela.