Yintoni stratigraphy

Stratigraphy

I-Geology yisayensi enkulu kakhulu ethi yona ibe namasebe amancinci enza nzulu ukufundwa kwenxalenye yeplanethi yethu. Elinye lamasebe e-geology li stratigraphy. Yisayensi efunda ukutolikwa, inkcazo, ukuchongwa kunye nokuma ngokuthe nkqo nangokuthe tye ngokulandelelana komtya. Lisebe lezesayensi elisivumela ukuba sazi ulwazi olukhulu malunga nexesha elidlulileyo lomhlaba wethu.

Kule nqaku siza kuthetha nawe malunga ne-stratigraphy, ukuba iluncedo kangakanani kwaye zeziphi iinjongo ezizifundayo.

Yintoni stratigraphy

Isikhundla seStrata

Lisebe le-geology elitolika kwaye lichaze indlela ekubekwe ngayo umtya kumawaka eminyaka. Ukuze sikutolike ngcono konke oku, kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba sithetha ngenqanaba le- Ixesha lejoloji. Amatye ayangqamana kumqolo kwaye isiteyitimenti ngasinye sihlala ngexesha sasibekiwe. Ke ngoko, isinika ulwazi malunga neli xesha sizifumana sikulo. Umzekelo, amatye e-sedimentary ayenziwayo namhlanje ahlengahlengisa kumawaka eminyaka ayithathileyo ukwenziwa kwawo. Yiyo le eya kuthi inike ulwazi malunga nexesha eyakhiwe ngalo.

Eyona stratigraphy izama kukwazi kunye nokufunda ukuba loluphi ulwazi amatye asikiweyo asinika lona. Ikwalisebe le-geology elinoxanduva lokwenza imephu kunye nokudityaniswa kwala matye. Le yindlela abazimisela ngayo ukulandelelana kunye nexesha leziganeko ngexesha lejoloji eligqityiweyo kwimbali yomhlaba wethu.

Kuba amatye eentlenga aqulathwe zizinto ezithi ngenxa yezizathu ezithile zenziwe amatye, zezona zinto zisisiseko ezifundwa ngetratigraphy. Inkqubo eqala ukwenziwa kwamatye e-sedimentary yintsimi yokuqala ekufuneka isebenze ngayo stratigraphy. Inceda isebe lenzululwazi elaziwa ngokuba yi paleontology ukutyhila ukuba zeziphi izinto eziphilayo ezihlala ngexesha lokwenziwa kwala matye.

Xa irekhodi le-stratigraphic lenziwa ngendawo, ukuba ifumana iziphumo zokuqhubekeka kwale nkqubo yokwenziwa kwamatye ngokwentaba ngexesha lejoloji. Ingathi sisiseko sayo yonke idatha eyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuvela kobomi kwiplanethi yomhlaba. Enkosi kwi-stratigraphy Kuyakwazi ukwazi ulwazi olukhulu njengokumiselwa kwamacwecwe etectonic ngexesha nenxalenye yotshintsho lwemozulu kwinqanaba lehlabathi.

Injongo yetratigraphy

Yintoni efundwa ngetratigraphy

Eli sebe geology ineenjongo eziphambili. Makhe sihlalutye nganye nganye:

  • Ukuchongwa kwemathiriyeli. Ukwazi ukulandelelana kwexesha lokwakheka kwamatye e-sedimentary, kuyimfuneko ukuchonga ukuba zeziphi izinto ezenziwe ngamatye.
  • Ukucuthwa kweeyunithi ze stratigraphic. Iyunithi ye-stratigraphic yenye yecandelo elinye kuwo wonke umtya. Oko kukuthi, asifumani luhlobo lwedwala lentlenga elenziwe ngexesha elithile.
  • Umbutho weeyunithi ze-stratigraphic. Nje ukuba izixhobo kunye neeklasi ze-stratigraphic zichongiwe, kwenziwa iinzame zokuzi-odola kwangexesha. Oko kukuthi, iiyunithi ze-stratigraphic ezakhe zenziwa ngaphambili kwaye zenziwa emva koko. Ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ulwazi olukhulu malunga nokwakheka komhlaba.
  • Uphando lwamacandelo e-stratigraphic. Ayisiyiyo kuphela stratigraphy yendawo eyaziwa ngokuba ngumsebenzi wokuphakama. Unokuqikelela ukwakheka kunye nobudala bamatye athile.
  • Ukutolikwa kwemfuza kweeyunithi. Xa uhlalutya iyunithi ye-stratigraphic, unokuhlalutya zonke izinto kunye nesizathu sokuba zenziwe.
  • Ukulungelelaniswa nokwabiwa kwexesha. Imalunga nokuqikelelwa kweminyaka yamatye kunye nolwazi lwezinto eziphilayo kunye nemozulu yehlabathi eyayikho ngelo xesha.
  • Uhlalutyo lweBasin. I-Stratigraphy lisebe elibalulekileyo lezenzululwazi xa kuziwa ekufundeni ukwenziwa kwamabhanana emilambo kwihlabathi liphela.

Kwaye yinzululwazi ekwaziyo ukubhalisa iifom, iingoma ze-lithological, iipropathi zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, ubudlelwane beminyaka, ukulandelelana kwasekuqaleni, ukuhanjiswa kunye nomxholo weefosili zamatye e-sedimentary. Ngalo lonke olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nejoloji yomhlaba kunye nexesha lokusekwa kwalo. Zonke ezi mpawu zisebenza ekuqondeni nasekuvuseleleni ngokulandelelana iziganeko zejoloji ezenzeke kwimbali yoMhlaba.

Imigaqo esisiseko ye stratigraphy

Icandelo lejoloji yomhlaba

Le sayensi imiselwe kwimigaqo ethile esisiseko apho kuphuhliswa lonke ulwazi olufunyenweyo:

  • Umgaqo wokuthe tyaba koqobo okanye ubume obungaphezulu kongqimba. Ngumgaqo-siseko omisela ukuba uluhlu lubekwe ngokuthe tye, oyena mdala ungaphantsi kwaye omncinci ngentla. Ukuba uqhubeka nokuhlalutya kamva, unokubona ukuba abaphazamiseki kukhukuliseko.
  • Sika kunye nokubandakanya ubudlelwane. Ukuba sibona ukusikwa kumtya, kufuneka sazi ukuba yeyiphi indala eyinkqubo eyayisikayo kunaleyo isikiweyo. Iliwa lincinci kunamaqhekeza amatye afakwe kuwo.
  • Eyona nyani. Imalunga naloo mgaqo obonisa ukuba "okwangoku sisitshixo sexesha elidlulileyo." Ngale nto sithetha ukuba imilambo, amatye, iilwandle kunye namazwekazi atshintshile kuyo yonke indawo. Nangona kunjalo, imithetho echaza utshintsho kunye nemigaqo apho utshintsho lwezi zinto luxhomekeke ekubeni luhlale lungatshintshi ngokuhamba kwexesha.
  • Ulandelelwano lwefaunal. Kanye njengokuba umtya unolandelelwano lwamaxesha, iifosili ezifumaneka kuludwe nazo zinokulandelelana okubonakalayo.
  • Ukulandelelana kwee-facies. Kungenxa yokuba ukulandelelana okuthe tye kwama-facies kuyafana nkqo nkqo.

Njengoko ubona, kubalulekile ukwazi umtya ukuze wazi ngakumbi ngejoloji yeplanethi yethu. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-stratigraphy.


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