UPawulos dirac

ngokomzimba paul dirac

Enye yeefiziksi ezinkulu eziye zadlula kwimbali yehlabathi lezenzululwazi UPawulos dirac. Igama lakhe elipheleleyo nguPaul Adrien Maurice Dirac kwaye wazalwa ngo-Agasti 8, 1902. Wafa ngo-Oktobha 20, 1984 kwaye wayengomnye weengcali zefiziksi eziphuma phambili kwisakhono sakhe kwimathematika.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela i-biography kaPaul Dirac kwaye zithini izenzo zakhe.

Ubomi bukaPaul Dirac

paul dirac

Wazalelwa eBristol, eNgilani. Utata wakhe ngumfundisi-ntsapho waseFransi, kodwa ungowaseSwitzerland. UPawulos wangena esikolweni apho uyise wayefundisa khona kwaye wayesoloko eyaziwa ngokubala kwakhe kwimathematika. Wathi akugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ikamva lakhe lalicace gca. Wafunda ubunjineli bombane kwiYunivesithi yaseBristol kwaye ukususela ekuqaleni wagxila ngakumbi ekugxininiseni ukusetyenziswa kweemathematika ezimalunga nobunjineli ukusombulula iingxaki ezahlukeneyo. Emva kokugqiba isidanga sakhe sesidanga, watsaleleka kwithiyori ka-Einstein yerelativity waza wangena kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge ukuze afunde imathematika.

Ngethuba lomsebenzi wakhe waseyunivesithi, waqala ukuphuhlisa ithiyori ye-quantum ye-electron motion, eyakhula ngo-1928, ephakamisa ubukho bamasuntswana afana ne-electron kuzo zonke iinkalo ngaphandle kwentlawulo yombane: ii-electron ezihlawuliswa kakubi kunye ne-hypothetical charged particle.

Izazinzulu ezifana noMax Born okanye uPascual Jordan luqhube uphando olufanayo phantse ngaxeshanye, nangona umahluko ukwindlela elula esengqiqweni yokuqiqa esetyenziswa nguDirac. Ekugqibeleni, le thiyori yaqinisekiswa ngokucacileyo ngo-1932, xa isazi sefiziksi saseMelika uCarl Anderson safumanisa uhlobo lwesuntswana elibizwa ngokuba yipositron ngovavanyo lwamasuntswana angqubana nemitha yecosmic, lwaze lwafumanisa umkhondo wesuntswana.

I-Dirac nayo yakwazi ukubandakanya ithiyori yokunxibelelana kwinkcazo yemathematika ye-athomu ye-hydrogen. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-equation ye-Dirac ye-electron, leyo, ngaphezu kokubonelela ngengcaciso yomgca we-spectral, iphinda ichaze i-electron ngendlela yokusombulula ingxaki ye-spin. Nangona kunjalo, uluntu lwenzululwazi lunamathandabuzo athile malunga nale ngcamango inesibindi.

Ezinye izinto ezenziwa nguPaul Dirac

izazinzulu zaqokelelana

Kwezinye iimeko, nangona wayesaziwa kakhulu ngokwenzululwazi, wakufumanisa kunzima ukufumana umsebenzi, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni aye kufundisa eSt. John’s College, eCambridge. Esi sikolo, esikhokelwa nguRH Fowler, waba negalelo kumsebenzi wobuvulindlela kaNiels Bohr kwinkalo yefiziksi yeathomu, evumela uDirac ukuba aqhubeke nenkqubela phambili kwifiziksi. Ngexesha lakho njengomfundisi, wabhala "Imigaqo ye-quantum mechanics" (1930).

UDirac naye wanconywa ngegalelo lakhe kwiFermi-Dirac yobuchwephesha bamanani. Le nkqubela phambili yenzululwazi yamenza wafumana ibhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi ngowe-1933, awathi wabelana ngalo noErwin Schrödinger. Emva koko, wenziwa uMbutho weRoyal Society.

Ukususela ngoko igama lakhe liye laziwa ngokubanzi, waqeshwa njengoNjingalwazi weMathematika kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge kwaye kamva uNjingalwazi weFiziksi kwiYunivesithi yaseFlorida State. Kwakhona Wayelilungu leAmerican Physical Society for Advanced Education.

I-Dirac icinge ukuba ukuziphatha kwee-electron kunokuchazwa ngemisebenzi emine yamaza ethobela ii-equations ezine ezahlukeneyo ngaxeshanye. Ukusuka kula ma-equations kulandela ukuba ii-electron kufuneka zijikeleze malunga ne-axis yazo, ngokufutshane, zikwimeko yamandla angalunganga, angahambelani nenyani yenyama. Ekugqibeleni, uDirac ikholelwa ukuba amandla angonelanga e-electron kweli lizwe lilingana nexesha elifutshane elihlawulwe kakuhle.

Ubomi bosapho

uPawulos ngokomzimba

UDirac wafudukela kwiKholeji yaseSt. John, kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge ukuba enze uphando kwi-physics yethiyori phantsi kolawulo lukaRalph Fowler. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, uDirac wawugqiba umsebenzi. Okwangoku, impembelelo yakhe kwihlabathi lefiziksi inamandla. Uninzi lwamagalelo akhe athathwa njengesigqibo sophuhliso lwe-quantum mechanics. Ngokuphathelele iathom, kunokutshiwo ukuba yenye yezazinzulu eziye zanegalelo elikhulu kwinkqubela yayo.

Ngoku, umtshato wakhe kuMargit Balasz yithuba lokuqhubela phambili kwinkalo yesayensi, kuba ungudade we-physicist yaseHungary u-Eugene Wigner, kwaye uye wamnika inkxaso enkulu kuphando lwakhe kunye nophuhliso. Kwakhona, uMargit uhlala exhasa kakhulu. I-Dirac ipapashe iimpapasho ezininzi, ezifana ne-Quantum Singularities in Electromagnetic Fields (1931), ukwenza olu phando lusekwe kwiinxaki zikaMaxwell.

Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, wapapasha iziphumo zakhe kwithiyori ebalulekileyo yendlela, kwaye uRichard Feynman wavelisa iingcamango ezininzi kulo msebenzi. Uphinde wenza uphando olunxulumeneyo ngomsebenzi we-delta.

UPaul Dirac wagqiba umsebenzi wakhe wesayensi eCambridge ngo-1969 kwaye wagqiba ekubeni athathe umhlalaphantsi kwaye aphumle kwiminyaka embalwa kamva ngenxa yobudala bakhe kwaye wafudukela kwiYunivesithi yaseFlorida State eUnited States. Yena nenkosikazi yakhe bafudukela eTallahassee, eFlorida. Ekugqibeleni, ngo-Oktobha 20, 1984, uDirac wafa. Emva kokufa kwakhe, abantu banikela imbeko kunye nokuwongwa kumsebenzi wakhe wesayensi. Nangona, kwiimeko ezininzi, iye yagxekwa ngamanye amacandelo oluntu kuba inxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nentsebenziswano ekwenzeni iibhombu zeathom.

Ukuphela kwemihla yakhe

Le kunye namanye amagalelo abalaseleyo, anje ngethiyori yobungakanani bemitha okanye iFermi-Dirac statistical mechanics, yamfumana iBhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi ngo-1933 kwaye, kunye noErwin Schrödinger, uSihlalo weLucas kwiMathematika kunyaka ophelileyo. Kwade kwangowe-1968. Ekugqibeleni wafudukela eUnited States waza wamiselwa njengoNjingalwazi Emeritus kwiYunivesithi yaseTallahassee ngowe-1971.

Ngo-1933, wabelana ngeBhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi kunye no-Erwin Schrödinger, kwaye e.Ngo-1939 waba lilungu leRoyal Society. Ukususela ngo-1932 ukuya ku-1968 wayengunjingalwazi wezibalo kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge, ukususela ngo-1971 de kwaba sekufeni kwakhe wayengunjingalwazi wefiziksi kwiYunivesithi yaseFlorida State, kwaye ukususela ngo-1934 ukuya ku-1959 wayelilungu le-Advanced Institute. UPaul Dirac wafa ngo-Oktobha 20, 1984 eTallahassee, eFlorida, eU.SA.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga noPaul Dirac kunye ne-biography yakhe.


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