Kule blog sihlala sithetha ngezona nzulu zibalulekileyo kunye negalelo labo kwilizwe lezesayensi. Nangona kunjalo, izafilosofi zenze igalelo elininzi njenge leibniz. Sisithandi sobulumko esinegama elipheleleyo nguGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz kwaye wayekwayingcali yamachiza nesazi sezibalo. Inefuthe elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwesayensi yanamhlanje. Ukongeza, ungomnye wabameli bezithethe zobuhlanga ngenxa yokuba ulwazi lwakhe kwimathematika nakwi-physics lwalusetyenziselwa ukucacisa iziganeko ezithile zendalo nezabantu.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngebhayiloji kunye nezinto ezenziwa nguLeibniz.
I-Leibniz Biography
Wazalwa ngoJulayi 1, 1646 eLeipzig, eJamani. Ukhulele kusapho oluzinikeleyo lwamaLuthere ukuya ngasekupheleni kwemfazwe yeminyaka engama-30. Le mfazwe yalishiya eli lizwe ingamabhodlo. Ukusukela ebemncinci, ngalo lonke ixesha ebesesikolweni, ebeloluhlobo lokuzifundisa kuba ekwazi ukufunda izinto ezininzi eyedwa. Ngeminyaka eli-12 ubudala, uLeibniz wayesele efunde ulwimi lwesiLatin eyedwa. Kwakhona, ndandifunda isiGrike kwangaxeshanye. Amandla okufunda ayephezulu kakhulu.
Sele ngo-1661 waqala ukuqeqesha kwicandelo lezomthetho kwiYunivesithi yaseLeipzig, apho wayenomdla ngokukodwa emadodeni awayekhokele imvukelo yokuqala yesayensi kunye nefilosofi kwiYurophu yanamhlanje. Phakathi kwala madoda ayeguqule yonke inkqubo ayekhona UGalileo, uFrancis Bacon, uRené Descartes kunye noThomas Hobbes. Phakathi kwezinto ezikhoyo ezazikho ngelo xesha ezinye izifundo zika-Aristotle zafunyanwa.
Emva kokugqiba izifundo zakhe zomthetho, wachitha iminyaka eliqela eParis. Apha waqala ukuqeqesha kwimathematika nakwi-physics. Ukongeza, wayekwazi ukudibana nezithandi zobulumko ezaziwayo kunye neemathematika zexesha kwaye wafunda ngakumbi kubo bonke abanomdla kuye. Wayeqeqeshwa noChristian Huygens owayeyintsika esisiseko ukuze kamva aphuhlise ithiyori yokwahlula kunye nokubala okudibeneyo.
Waya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zaseYurophu edibana nezinye zeefilosofi ezimeleyo ngeli xesha. Emva kolu hambo lokuya eYurophu waseka i-academy yesayensi eBerlin Esi sikolo sasinabafundi abaninzi ababefuna ukwazi ngakumbi malunga nesayensi. Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe wayichitha ezama ukudibanisa amabinzana amakhulu kwifilosofi yakhe. Nangona kunjalo, le njongo ayinakuphumelela. Usweleke eHanover ngoNovemba 1716.
Imisebenzi kaLeibniz kunye negalelo
Siza kubona ukuba zeziphi ezona zinto ziphambili kunye neemeko zikaLeibniz kwilizwe lenzululwazi nefilosofi. Njengazo ezinye izafilosofi kunye nososayensi bexesha, ILeibniz ekhethekileyo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Kufuneka siyiqonde into yokuba kula maxesha bekungekho lwazi lungako malunga nawo onke amacandelo, ke umntu omnye unokuba yingcali kwimimandla eliqela. Okwangoku, kuya kufuneka ubalasele kwindawo enye kuphela kwaye ke kunzima ukuba wazi lonke ulwazi malunga naloo ndawo. Inyani yile yokuba inani lolwazi olukhoyo kunye nokuqhubeka nokuphanda ngokubhekisele kwinto eyayifudula kuyinto engafaniyo.
Amandla eengcali kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo amvumela ukuba enze iingcinga ezahlukeneyo kwaye abeke isiseko sophuhliso lwenzululwazi yanamhlanje. Eminye yemizekelo ibikwimathematics nakwingqondo kunye nefilosofi. Sizahlulahlula ukuba yeyiphi eyona minikelo yabo iphambili:
Ukubala okungapheliyo kwimathematics
Kunye noIsaac Newton, uLeibniz waziwa njengomnye wabadali bekhalasi. Ukusetyenziswa kokuqala kokubala okubaliweyo kuxeliwe ngonyaka we-1675 kunye Ndingayisebenzisa ukufumana indawo ephantsi komsebenzi Y = X. Ngale ndlela, kunokwenzeka ukuvelisa ezinye iinowuthsi ezinje ngomjikelo wokudibanisa S kwaye kwavelisa uLeibniz's Rule, ngokuchanekileyo ngumthetho wemveliso yokwahlulahlula ukubala. Uye wenza igalelo kwinkcazo yezinto ezahlukeneyo zezibalo esizibiza ngokuba zii-infinitesimals kunye nokuchaza zonke iipropathi zazo ze-algebraic. Okomzuzwana bekukho izinto ezininzi eziphikisayo ekufuneka zihlaziyiwe kwaye zilungiswe kamva kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.
Ingqiqo
Igalelo kwisiseko se-epistemology kunye ne-modal logic. Wayethembekile kuqeqesho lwezibalo kwaye wakwazi ukuphikisa kakuhle ukuba ubunzima bokuqiqa kwabantu bunokuguqulelwa kulwimi lokubala. Nje ukuba ezi zibalo ziqondwe, inokuba sisisombululo ngokugqibeleleyo sokusombulula iyantlukwano yezimvo kunye neempikiswano phakathi kwabantu. Ngesi sizathu, waziwa njengomnye wabadlali ababalulekileyo bexesha lakhe, ukusukela kuAristotle.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, wakwazi ukuchaza iipropathi kunye nendlela yezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeelwimi ezinje ngokudibana, ukungakhathali, ukuseta, ukubandakanywa, isazisi kunye neseti engenanto, kunye nokudibana. Zonke zaziluncedo kukuqonda kunye nokwenza ingqiqo efanelekileyo kunye nokuchasana komnye nomnye ezingekho mthethweni. Konke oku kuyenye yezigaba eziphambili zokuphuhliswa kwengcinga yesishwankathelo kunye nelogal modal.
Ifilosofi kaLeibniz
Ifilosofi kaLeibniz ishwankathelwe kumgaqo wokhetho lomntu ngamnye. Yenziwa nge-1660s kwaye ikhusela ubukho bexabiso lomntu elilelinye ngokwalo. Kungenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukwahlulahlula useto. Le yayiyindlela yokuqala yokufika kwithiyori yaseJamani yeemonad. Yinto yokufanisa nefiziksi apho kuphikiswa ukuba iimonads yindawo yengqondo zeziphi iiathom ezikummandla ophathekayo. Zezona zinto ziphambili kwindalo iphela kwaye yintoni enika ubume obubonakalayo bokuba kwiipropathi ezinje ngezi zilandelayo: iimonads zingunaphakade kuba aziboli ziye kwamanye amasuntswana alula, zizimeleyo, ziyasebenza kwaye zixhomekeke kwimithetho yazo.
Konke oku kuchazwe njenge ummeli ngamnye wendalo yonke.
Njengoko ubona, uLeibniz wenze igalelo elininzi kwihlabathi lenzululwazi kunye nefilosofi. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolwazi olunje ungafunda ngakumbi ngeLeibniz kwibhayiloji yakhe.