Namhlanje siza nelinye inqaku ngobomi bomnye woososayensi ababaluleke kakhulu abancedise inzululwazi ukuba ibe yile nto iyiyo namhlanje. Sithetha ngayo UJohn dalton. Uyingcali yamachiza kunye nophando lwenzululwazi yezulu owaphuhlisa ukwakheka kwale mihla ithiyori yeathom. Le ndoda ayizange ifumane uqeqesho okanye imfundo engako, kodwa ukulangazelela kwayo ukwazi yonke into kwenze uqeqesho lwayo lwaphucuka kakhulu.
Kule posi ungafunda ngazo zonke izinto ezenziwa nguJohn Dalton kunye nebali lakhe ukusuka ekuqaleni kuye esiphelweni. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngaye? Qhubeka ufunda.
I-Biography
Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yesayensi yayijongana neegesi kunye isifo esibonakalayo awayenaso, esasibizwa ngokuba yimfama imbeko yegama layo. Sisifo esenza ukuba ungayiboni imibala ethile kwindawo ebonakalayo.
Nje ukuba aqatshelwe njengososayensi, wakha indawo eqinileyo kwiziko lemfundo. Emva kophando oluninzi, wafumanisa into esiyaziyo njengoMthetho wobukhulu obuninzi. Ngumthetho ochaza ubunzima bezinto ezibandakanyekayo ekuphenduleni kwemichiza. Ukusuka apho wakwazi ukuseka ithiyori malunga nomgaqo-siseko wento kwaye wabizwa Imodeli yeathom kaDalton. Le modeli yesayensi yayisebenza kuyo yonke inkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba kwaye enkosi kuyo, impumelelo enkulu kwilizwe lekhemistri yafezekiswa.
Zonke ezi zinto zifunyanisiweyo zikhokelele ekubeni abe ngomnye wooyise bekhemistri.
Utitshala kunye nomphandi ngaxeshanye
UJohn Dalton wayenayo le misebenzi mibini ngaxeshanye. Zombini zamnika ukubaluleka okungaziwayo kunye nemeko yezoqoqosho ephezulu kakhulu ukuze akwazi ukuzinikezela ngokupheleleyo kwimisebenzi yakhe. Ngomnyaka we-1802 wasungula umthetho woxinzelelo oluthile (owaziwa njengomthetho kaDalton) kwimemo eyayibizwa ngokuba ngumxholo Ukufunxwa kweegesi ngamanzi kunye nolunye ulwelo. Le ithiyori yafumanisa ukuba uxinzelelo lomxube wegesi lilingana nesixa soxinzelelo lwecandelo ngalinye.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uDalton waseka ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi uxinzelelo lomphunga lweegesi kunye nobushushu. Ngale nto kuyaziwa ukuba, njengoko ubushushu begesi bonyuka, ngokunjalo noxinzelelo olwenza kwindawo evaliweyo. Ngale ndlela kwaye ngale migaqo, isitya sasekhitshini esaziyo namhlanje njengoko umpheki woxinzelelo esebenza.
Umdla wakhe kwiigesi ubangelwa kukuzonwabisa okukhulu awayenako kwizifundo zemozulu. Wayesoloko ephethe izixhobo kunye naye ukuze abe nakho ukulinganisa izinto eziguquguqukayo zomoya. Wayekuthanda ukwazi iatmosfera kwaye wayezobhala phantsi konke akwenzayo kwincwadi yakhe. Ndiyabulela kule nto inomdla, uJohn Dalton uye wazisa inkqubela phambili kwisayensi.
Umthetho wobungakanani obuninzi
Kwangoko ngo-1803 waqala ukuqulunqa elokuba leliphi igalelo lakhe elikhulu kwezenzululwazi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ayisiyiyo into yokuba wenze okungaphantsi, kodwa yile nto enokumenza ukuba aqhubele phambili ngakumbi. Konke kubuyela kwenye yeentsuku zakhe xa wayeselebhu yakhe efunda indlela i-nitric oxide enayo neoksijini. Ngeli xesha ke wafumanisa ukuba impendulo inokuba nemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo. Ngamanye amaxesha inokuba ngu-1: 1,7, ngamanye amaxesha 1: 3,4. Oku kwahluka kubungakanani yayingeyonto anokuyiqonda kakuhle, kodwa ngenxa yayo wakwazi ukubona ubudlelwane phakathi kwayo yonke idatha kunye nokuseka ukuba yintoni na umthetho woMthetho wokuPhindaphindeka kwezinto.
Lo mthetho uthi kwimpendulo yamachiza, ubunzima bezinto ezimbini zihlala zidibana kunye nenani elipheleleyo. Ndiyabulela kule ngcaciso, wakwazi ukuqala ukuqonda imigaqo yokuqala ye-athomu.
Iziphumo zolu phando zazintle kakhulu kwaye zaziswa ngomlomo kwakuloo nyaka. Emva kweminyaka yokubhala, ngo-1808 umsebenzi wakhe odumileyo wapapashwa encwadini. Incwadi yathiywa igama Inkqubo entsha yefilosofi yamachiza. Kule ncwadi unokuqokelela zonke iingcinga eziphambili zeeathom kunye nezikhundla ezahlukeneyo zethiyori yento esiyaziyo namhlanje njengoMthetho kaDalton. Ukuqhubeka nokutolika, watsala amasuntswana athile ukuze, ngomzekeliso, abantu baqonde ngcono indlela ezisebenza ngayo iikhemikhali.
Ngaphandle kwako konke oku, wakwazi ukupapasha uluhlu lokuqala lobunzima beatom kunye neesimboli namhlanje eziyinxalenye yetafile yamaxesha. Akumangalisi ukuba ayilulo lonke uluntu lwenzululwazi olwamkelwayo kwithiyori kaDalton.
Ukuphela komsebenzi wakhe
Ngo-1810 kwapapashwa icandelo lesibini lale ncwadi. Kule nxalenye wanikezela ubungqina obutsha malunga nezifundo zakhe ngamandla. Ngale ndlela wayenakho ukubonisa ukuba ithiyori yakhe ichanekile. Kwiminyaka kamva, ngo-1827, Inxalenye yesithathu yethiyori yakhe yavela. UDalton wazamkela njengomfundisi-ntsapho, hayi njengomphandi. Nangona wayelilungu leRoyal Society ukusukela ngo-1822 kwaye waphumelela imbasa kolu luhlu lwenzululwazi ngo-1825, wayesoloko esithi uziphilisa ngokunika iiklasi kunye neentetho.
Ukunikezelwa kuko konke ukuxhaphaza ebomini bakhe bonke, ngo-1833 wanikwa ipenshoni yonyaka. Iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe wayichitha ethatha umhlala phantsi kwaye NgoJulayi 27, 1844 wasweleka ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. Ngomnqweno kaDalton, kwenziwa uhlolo lwesidumbu ukuze kuqondwe unobangela wesifo sakhe esibonakalayo. Kwiminyaka kamva yabonwa njengombala ongaboniyo.
Yayisaziwa into yokuba esi sifo asiyongxaki emehlweni, kodwa yingxaki ebangelwe kukusilela kwamandla emizwa. Ndiyabulela kuyo yonke imisebenzi kunye negalelo lakhe elikhulu kwinzululwazi, wangcwatywa nembeko yokumkani umngcwabo omkhulu obuzinyaswe ngabantu abangaphezulu kwama-400.000.
Njengoko ubona, uJohn Dalton wayengusosayensi ongomnye okwaziyo ukuqhubela phambili kunye negalelo kwihlabathi lezesayensi enkosi kulwazi kunye nonyamezelo lophando lwakhe. Yintoni le isenza ukuba sifunde ngokubaluleka kokuzinikezela kwinto esiyithandayo kwaye ubomi bethu bujikeleza kuyo.