Nebulae

Namhlanje siyaqhubeka nelinye inqaku elikweli candelo leenkwenkwezi. Sibonile iimpawu kunye nobukhulu bendlela ISistema Solar kunye nezinye iiplanethi ezinje Marte, Umbhali, Imercury, Saturn y UVenus. Namhlanje kufuneka sityelele i-nebulae. Mhlawumbi uvile ngabo, kodwa awazi ukuba yintoni kanye kanye. Kule posi siza kujongana nayo yonke into enxulumene ne-nebulae, ukusuka ekubeni yintoni, ukuba zenziwa njani kwaye zeziphi iintlobo ezikhoyo.

Ngaba uyafuna ukufunda okungakumbi malunga ne-nebulae kunye noMhlaba wethu? Kufuneka uqhubeke ufunda 🙂

Yintoni i-nebula?

I-Nebulae, njengoko igama labo lisitsho, ngamafu amakhulu athatha imilo engaqhelekanga emajukujukwini. Zenziwe ngoxinzelelo lweegesi, ikakhulu i-hydrogen, i-helium, kunye nothuli lwenkwenkwezi. Njengoko uyazi, kwindalo iphela akubikho kuphela umnyele njengoko bekucingwa kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo, kodwa kukho izigidi. Umnyele wethu yiMilky Way kwaye imi kufutshane nommelwane wethu, Andromeda.

I-Nebulae inokufumaneka kwiigalaksi ezingahambelaniyo nakwezinye ezinqwenelekayo. Zibaluleke kakhulu kwindalo iphela, kuba iinkwenkwezi zizalelwa ngaphakathi kuzo ukusuka kulungelelwaniso kunye nokudityaniswa kwemicimbi.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba, ekuboneni kuqala, Bangamafu nje erhasi nothuli ayizizo zonke ii-nebulae ezifanayo. Okulandelayo siza kuhlalutya uhlobo ngalunye lwe-nebula ukuze sizazi ngokweenkcukacha.

Iindidi ze-nebulae

I-nebulae emnyama

I-nebula emnyama ayinanto ngaphandle kwelifu legesi ebandayo kunye nothuli olungakhuphi kukhanya okubonakalayo. Iinkwenkwezi eziqulethweyo zifihliwe, kuba azikhuphi naluphi na uhlobo lwemitha. Nangona kunjalo, uthuli ekwenziwa ngalo la mafu inobubanzi be-micron enye kuphela.

Ukuxinana kwala mafu ngokungathi ngumsi wecuba. Ezi zinkozo zincinci zezinto ezinamathelayo zenze inani leemolekyuli ezinjengekhabhoni, isilicates, okanye umaleko womkhenkce.

Ubunzima bembonakalo ye-nebulae

Olu hlobo yenziwe ngehydrogen nothuli. Siyakhumbula ukuba ihydrogen yeyona nto ininzi kwindalo iphela. Iimpawu ze-nebulae ezinokubonisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo kwiinkwenkwezi.

Umgubo ukwahlula ukuba luhlaza ngombala. I-nebulae ejikeleze iPleiades yimizekelo ebalaseleyo yolu hlobo.

Ukukhupha i-nebulae

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwe-nebula, ziyabonakala kwaye zikhupha ukukhanya ngenxa yamandla awafumana kwiinkwenkwezi ezikufuphi. Ukukhupha ukukhanya, iiathom ze-hydrogen zivuyiswa kukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet enamandla evela kwiinkwenkwezi ezikufuphi nakwi-ionize. Yi le, Ilahla i-electron yayo kuphela ukukhupha i-photon Esi sisenzo esivelisa ukukhanya kwi-nebula.

Iinkwenkwezi zohlobo lwe-O oluyimbonakalo O lunokuyinyanzela irhasi ngaphakathi komyinge weminyaka engama-350 yokukhanya. Umzekelo, i-Swan Nebula okanye i-M17 yi-emission nebula eyafunyanwa yiChéseaux ngo-1746 yaza yafunyanwa kwakhona ngu-Messier ngo-1764. Kubonakala kwiliso lenyama kwiindawo eziphantsi.

Xa zibomvu, oko kuthetha ukuba ininzi yehydrogen ionized. Likhaya leenkwenkwezi ezininzi ezincinci ezizalwe kwimitha yegesi yi-nebula. Ukuba ibonwa kwi-infrared, isixa sothuli esivumela ukuyilwa kweenkwenkwezi sinokuqatshelwa.

Ukuba singene kwi-nebula besinokubona isihloko esivulekileyo esineenkwenkwezi ezimalunga nama-30 ezigqunywe ziigesi. Ubukhulu buhlala bujikeleza iminyaka engama-40 yokukhanya. Ubunzima obupheleleyo obenza kwi-nebulae yolu hlobo bumalunga nama-800 ngaphezulu kobunzima belanga.

Imizekelo ecacileyo yale nebula yi-M17, ethi Ime kwiminyaka eyi-5500 yokukhanya ukusuka kwinkqubo yethu yelanga. I-M16 kunye neM17 zilele kwingalo efanayo yokujikeleza kweMilky Way (iSagittarius okanye iSagittarius-Carina ingalo) kwaye mhlawumbi yinxalenye yobunzima obufanayo bamafu amakhulu.

I-nebula yeplanethi

Olu lolunye uhlobo lwe-nebula. Fuzzy zidityaniswa nokuzalwa kweenkwenkwezi. Kule meko sithetha intsalela yeenkwenkwezi. I-Nebula yePlanethi ivela kwimibono yokuqala eyayinayo kwezi zinto zikhangeleka ziisetyhula. Xa ubomi benkwenkwezi bufikelela esiphelweni, kukhanya ubukhulu becala kwingingqi ye-ultraviolet ye-spectrum ye-electromagnetic. Le radiation yelanga ikhanyisa igesi egxothwa yimitha ye-ionizing kwaye ke ngoko i-nebula yesijikelezi-langa yenziwa.

Imibala enokubonwa kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zikwinqanaba elithile lomgama. Kwaye iiathom zehydrogen zikhupha isibane esibomvu, ngelixa iiathom zeoksijini zikhanyisa ngokuluhlaza.

IHelix Nebula yinkwenkwezi yendalo yonke ihlala ifotwa ziinkwenkwezi ze-amateur ngemibala yayo eqaqambileyo kunye nokufana kwayo neliso elikhulu. Yafunyanwa ngenkulungwane ye-18 kwaye ikumgama wokukhanya malunga neminyaka engama-650 ukusuka kwikroza le-Aquarius.

Kunokuthiwa ukuba iiplanethi ze-nebulae ziyintsalela yeenkwenkwezi, ngaphambili, zazifana neLanga lethu. Olu luhlu lushushu sisiseko esitshisayo senkwenkwezi efileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumnyama omhlophe. Ukuqaqamba okuveliswayo kunokubonwa kokubini kokubonakalayo kunye nakwi-infrared wavelengths.

Ukucamngca kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-nebulae

Asinakugqiba esi sithuba ngaphandle kokukhankanya ukuba kukho ii-nebulae ezigcina ezi mpawu zimbini zichazwe kwiindidi zangaphambili. Uninzi lwee-nebulae zokukhupha zi-90% ye-hydrogen, intsalela ibeyihelium, ioksijini, initrogen, nezinye izinto. Kwelinye icala, ukubonakaliswa kwe-nebulae kuhlala kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuba ngumbala lowo osasazeka ngokulula.

Njengoko ubona, indalo iphela izele zizinto ezintle ezinokusishiya singathethi. Wakhe wayibona i-nebula? Sishiyele izimvo zakho