UMnumzana Parbat Yenye yezona ntaba zinomtsalane ehlabathini, ezikwiHimalaya ePakistan. Ngobude obuziimitha eziyi-8.126 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, yintaba yesithoba ephakamileyo emhlabeni kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi "ntaba ebulalayo" ngenxa yengozi yokunyuka wedwa.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nentaba e-Nanga Parbat, iimpawu zayo, imvelaphi kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukongeza ekubeni mde kwaye unobungozi, i-Nanga Parbat inezinye iimpawu eziyenza ibe yodwa. Enye yazo sisiqabu sayo esidumileyo. Le ntaba imile okwephiramidi enkulu ephuma kwiintlambo eziluhlaza zaseKarakoram, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibonakale lula ukude. Ngaphandle koko, Ineendlela ezininzi zokunyuka ezinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo obunzima.
Olunye uphawu oluphawulekayo lweNanga Parbat yimozulu yayo egqithisileyo. Ngenxa yendawo ezikummandla othe qelele, ezi ntaba zikwindawo enemozulu embi kakhulu. Abakhweli kufuneka bajongane namaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, imimoya ebhudla ngamandla, kunye nee-avalanche rhoqo, nto leyo eyenza ukunyuka kube nzima ngakumbi.
I-Nanga Parbat idume ngobuhle bayo obumangalisayo bendalo. Ukusuka phezulu, Iimbono ze-panoramic ze-Himalaya kunye ne-Indus Valley zinokuthakazelelwa. Ukongezelela, le ntaba ineentlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, kuquka nezilwanyana ezisengozini yokuphela njengengwe yekhephu nebhere elimdaka esiza kuzihlalutya kamva.
intaba yombulali
I-Nanga Parbat yaziwa ngokuba "yintaba ebulalayo" ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Okokuqala, umphezulu wayo kunzima kakhulu ukufikelela kuwo. Indlela eqhelekileyo yokufikelela phezulu yi-Mazeno Spur, indlela ende kakhulu kunye neyinkimbinkimbi efuna izakhono zobugcisa obuphezulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokunyamezela ngokomzimba.
Kwakhona, le ntaba inembali yeengozi ezibulalayo ngexesha lohambo lokunyuka. kuba ndiyazi okokuqala ukuzama ukuyinyuka ngo-1895, le ntaba iye yasuba ubomi babantu abangaphezu kwama-60 abakhweli. Phakathi kwezona ngozi zabulala abantu abaninzi yaba luhambo lwaseJamani lwango-1934, olwabulala abantu abali-10 abanyukileyo, kuquka nosaziwayo waseJamani uToni Kurz.
Esinye isizathu sokuba ibizwa ngokuba "yintaba ebulalayo" kungenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo phezulu. I-Nanga Parbat ikwingingqi enemimoya enamandla kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu, okwenza ukunyuka kube yingozi ngakumbi. Ukongeza, ii-avalanche kunye nekhephu zixhaphake kakhulu kule ndawo, zinyusa umngcipheko weengozi.
Nanga Parbat Formation
Nanga Parbat yasekwa kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo njengoko isiphumo sokuhamba kweetectonic plates. IPlate tectonics ziibhloko ezinkulu zomhlaba ezihamba kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ipleyiti yeTectonic yaseIndiya yafudukela emantla yaza yangqubana nepleyiti yase-Eurasia. Oku kothuka kwabangela umsebenzi omkhulu wokwakheka komhlaba kulo mmandla, kuquka nokusekwa kweeHimalaya. Ngelo xesha u-Nanga Parbat wavuka ngenxa yokungqubana phakathi kwamacwecwe amabini, kwaye inkqubo yokuphakamisa iyaqhubeka nanamhla, nangona isantya esicothayo kakhulu. Kunokuthiwa kuseyintaba ekhulayo.
Ekuqulunqweni sifumana amatye entlenga kunye ne-metamorphic awayefakwe emazantsi olwandle kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Njengoko iitectonic plates zihamba, la matye atyhalelwa phezulu kwaye asongwa yi geological activity, enegalelo ekwakhekeni kwentaba.
Iintyatyambo zaseNanga Parbat
Iiflora zaseNanga Parbat zinomdla kakhulu kwaye zahlukene. Emazantsi entaba kukho amahlathi ompayini kunye nespruce, kunye namadlelo anengca namatyholo. Njengoko unyuka usiya encotsheni, uhlaza luya lunqongophala ngenxa yeemeko zemozulu ezigqithisileyo. Ngaphandle koku, le ntaba ilikhaya kwezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezomeleleyo ezikwazileyo ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezinzima. Ezinye zezi zityalo ziquka intyatyambo yekhephu, isityalo sekonofile yasendle, nokhula olubugolide.
Intyatyambo yekhephu, njengoko igama layo libonisa, idubula kwikhephu kwaye iyaziwa ngobuhle bayo kunye nokuqina kwayo. Isityalo sekonofile yasendle, kwelinye icala, sisityalo esineentyatyambo ezimhlophe kunye namagqabi amade nabhityileyo asetyenziswa ekuphekeni nakumayeza esintu. Okokugqibela, ingca egolide sisityalo esinamagqabi amade, abugolide akhula kumathambeka amatye kwaye saziwa ngokukwazi ukumelana nemimoya ebhudla ngamandla kunye namaqondo obushushu abandayo.
izilwanyana
Nangona iimeko zemozulu ezimandundu zinqanda ubomi bezilwanyana entabeni, ezinye iintlobo ezilungeleleneyo nezi meko zisenokufumaneka. Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezihlala eNanga Parbat zi iimpungutye, iipika, iimarmots, amaxhama kunye neebhokhwe zasezintabeni. Iimpungutye zizilwanyana ezincinci, ezinobuqili ezitya izilwanyana ezincinci, iintaka neziqhamo. IPika zimpuku ezilingana nemivundla ezihlala kumathambeka amatye kwaye zitya ingca kunye namagqabi.
I-Groundhogs, okwangoku, zizinambuzane ezinkulu ezihlala emigodini kwaye zidla ingca kunye neengcambu. Ixhama nempunzi zinkulu kwaye zitya ingca namagqabi kwaye zibonwa emahlathini namadlelo akufuphi nentaba. Isizathu sobukhulu bayo obukhulu kungenxa ye i-morphology eyimfuneko ukuze ikwazi ukugcina ubushushu kwaye imelane nobushushu obunjalo.
Kwakhona sinokufumana ezinye iintaka, ezifana ne-golden eagle kunye ne-snowy owl, eziye zakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezinzima zentaba. I-golden eagle yintaka edla inyama etya izilwanyana ezincinci ezifana nemivundla kunye neempuku, ngelixa i-snowy owl yintaka yasebusuku etya izilwanyana ezincinci kunye neentaka. Zonke ezi zilwanyana ziye zadlula kwinkqubo yokuziqhelanisa nemekobume ezithathe amawaka eminyaka.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokwazi ngakumbi malunga ne-Nanga Parbat kunye neempawu zayo.