Incopho ephezulu eNtshona Yurophu kwaye yenye yezona zaziwa kakhulu kuzo zonke iiAlps yi Mont Blanc. Kuthetha intaba emhlophe ngesiFrentshi kwaye ibekwe embindini wento entle entshona yeCaucasus kwaye ingummelwane wamaqhekeza omkhenkce amaninzi atyisa yonke imilambo ejikelezileyo. Ukuba yintaba efunwa kakhulu ngabakhweli beentaba, iye yaba yenye yezona zidumileyo ehlabathini.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela zonke iimpawu, ijiology kunye nemvelaphi yeMont Blanc.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Siyazi ukuba ukunyuka intaba kuyinto eqhelekileyo ezintabeni. Kwaye kukuba eMont Blanc yinto eyenzeka rhoqo. Ngokukodwa kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni ubona inani elikhulu labantu abanyukayo kunye nabakhweli beentaba bezama ukufikelela kwindibano. Abokuqala ukufikelela kwincopho babe yayinguJacques Balmat noMichel Gabriel Pacard ngo-1786Iminyaka engama-26 emva kokuma komhlaba kunye no-Horace-Bénédict de Saussure babhengeza umvuzo omkhulu kuye nabani na ophumeleleyo. Injongo yale geologist yayiza kuba nako ukubala ubude obuphezulu beli qophelo. Ukuze ndenze ezi zifundo, bendidinga umntu onyuka intaba ukuze ndifikelele encotsheni.
IMont Blanc imi kumda ophakathi kweFrance ne-Itali kunye nentshona yeeNtaba zeCaucasus. Yeyentaba yeAlps kwaye inabela nakwintsimi yaseSwitzerland. Inobunqabileyo kwaye inepiramidi ephezulu. Incopho ibekwe kumazantsi mpuma eFrance. Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwincopho ziimitha ezingama-4809 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Ke ngoko, iba ngumceli mngeni kubaxhasi abaninzi beentaba abazama ukufikelela kwindibano yayo ngexesha lasehlotyeni.
Njengoko kulindelwe, nangona kusehlotyeni, le ngqungquthela igutyungelwe ngumaleko womkhenkce nekhephu. Ubuninzi bokugqitywa kuya kwahluka ngokwamaxesha onyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ineqhwa elingapheliyo. Oku kwenza ukuphakama okubaliweyo kwentaba kungachaneki ngokupheleleyo. Oku kwenzeka ngeencopho ezimbalwa ezigqunywe likhephu. Kuyo yonke intaba yeMont Blanc sifumana iincopho ezininzi kwaye yenye yezona ntaba zide ezimi nkqo ezikhona kwilizwekazi laseYurophu. Eli thambeka nkqo lingaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3.500 XNUMX ubude.
Akubalulekanga kuphela kubahambi beentaba kunye nobuhle bembonakalo yomhlaba, kodwa kukwakho neentlambo ezininzi ezisekhaya kwinani elikhulu lezityalo nezilwanyana kumathambeka omfula. Kukho iinduli zomkhenkce eziye zonakalisa inxenye yethambeka. Eyona glacier inkulu yiMer de Glace. Yeyona glacier inkulu eFrance kwaye iguqulela kulwandle lomkhenkce.
Ukwenziwa kweMont Blanc
Yintaba eye ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-300 ezigidi ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha elikhulu lokugqibezela konke ukuyilwa kwalo ngokupheleleyo malunga neminyaka eli-15 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Ulwakhiwo lusongelwe ngokupheleleyo ukusukela oko ukuyilwa kwalo kungenxa yokusongwa koqweqwe lomhlaba ngenxa yokuhamba kwangaphakathi kweplanethi. Kuba ioyile yolwandle kunye neyelizwekazi inezinto ezahlukeneyo ekugqibeleni ukufuduswa kwelinye kunye nelinye kubenza bomile kwezi ntaba.
Ngelo xesha lokwenziwa kweMont Blanc, iPangea yayikukuphela kwelizwekazi. Sithetha ngexesha lePaleozoic. Kulapha apho i-supercontinent yaqala ukuqhekeka kwaye ekugqibeleni yahlulwa yangamabala ahlukeneyo omhlaba. Inkqubo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwiplanethi azange zime nangaliphi na ixesha. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba indlela yeetekoniki zeplate isasebenza nanamhlanje. Ngenxa yoku, kwisithuba sezigidi zeminyaka, iintshukumo zaqhubeka ukwenzeka kuqweqwe lomhlaba, lwadala iMont Blanc.
Sele iphelile Cretaceous ixesha, iplate ye-Apulian kunye ne-Eurasian plate yaqala ukungqubana. Oku kungqubana kwamacwecwe etektoni kubangele ukuba uqweqwe lwamatye kunye neentsika zelitye ziphakame ngendlela evaliweyo. IMont Blanc kucingelwa ukuba ayisiyonto ngaphandle kwenxalenye yelitye eligudle amanzi elwandle. Ubunzima bebonke bebuphakama ngokunyuka ngenxa yoxinzelelo olwenziwe yipleyiti yase-Afrika kule minyaka iyi-100 yezigidi idlulileyo.
Amagumbi angaphantsi e-crystalline ayeluhlobo lwelitye elenza iMont Blanc. Ezi zindlu zangaphantsi zenziwa ngokusongwa kwelitye ngenxa yoxinzelelo olwenziwe ziiplate zeetectonic. Oku kubangele ukuba intaba ibe nommango obangelwe kukhukuliseka kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zomkhenkce. Ngokubanzi, imilo ebonakalayo yayo yonke le nto yanika imilo ethe tyaba ekhumbuza imela.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zeMont Blanc
Nangona le ntaba inobuhle obukhulu bokuba nomgangatho obandayo, ikwahluke kakhulu kwimihlaba eluhlaza engqonge yona. Kuyimfuneko kuphela ukubona ukuba kuzo zonke iindawo zentsimi eluhlaza kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana nezityalo. Uninzi lweentlobo olu tyelele uluhlu lweentaba zijongana nokuphakama, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kunye neasidi yomhlaba. Njengoko unokulindela, ukusinda kule ndawo kunzima kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo ezihlala apha. Nangona kunjalo, uhlengahlengiso kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kubangele ukuba zonke iintlobo zisinde.
Ngentwasahlobo nasehlotyeni ezinye iintlobo zezityalo ezidubula iintyatyambo, ingca kunye nezinye izityalo ezincinci zikhula emazantsi entaba. Eli candelo lingezantsi linemeko entle yokusingqongileyo kohlobo. Ngokujikeleza i-massif sinokufumana ii-conifers ezinje ngeefirs kunye nemibungu. Ezinye iintlobo ezinje ngeRanunculus glacialis inokuphila ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4.000 yeemitha ukuphakama.
Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana, siyabona ukuba imelwe yichamois, ixhama elibomvu, iimpungutye ezibomvu, amachaphaza olwandle, amabhabhathane, ukhozi olugolide, iinundu kunye nezinye iintlobo zesigcawu noonomadudwane. Ayizizo zonke ezihlala ezintabeni, kodwa ezinye ziyakwazi ukunyuka ziye kwiindawo apho kukho ikhephu kuphela. Zizo eziphakamileyo malunga ne-3.500 yeemitha ukuphakama.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngeMont Blanc kunye neempawu zayo.