Mauna loa

Phakathi kweyona ntaba-mlilo inkulu kunye neyona idumileyo kwiplanethi yethu sinayo Mauna loa. Yenye yeentaba-mlilo ebekwe kunye nezinye ezi-4 eziziziqithi zaseHawaii. Igama lithetha intaba ende kulwimi lwaseHawaii. Kuba inempawu ezithile ezinomdla kunye nobukhulu obukhulu, ithathwa njengeyona mlilo inkulu eMhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela kweyona ndawo inkulu ngokweendawo kunye nomthamo, kuba zikhona ezinye intaba-mlilo ezinjengeMauna Kea ephezulu.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, uqhushumbo, ukuyilwa kunye nomdla wentaba-mlilo iMauna Loa.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Amanye amabali ajikeleze olu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo avela kumaHawaii amandulo. Aba bantu baluthathile olu hlobo lweentaba-mlilo njengezinto ezingcwele. Ithathwa njengeyona volcano inkulu eMhlabeni kuba injalo indawo emalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-5271 ezikwere kunye nobubanzi obumalunga neekhilomitha ezili-120. Ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu sinokubona ukuba sigubungela phantse isiqingatha sonke sendawo yesiqithi saseHawaii.

Asiyontaba-mlilo nje kuphela ethathwa ngokuba inkulu kodwa iphakamile. Nangona zikho ezinye iintaba-mlilo ezikwakule nethiwekhi yeentaba-mlilo ezikhoyo kwiziQithi zeHawaii, le yeyona ndawo inkulu. Ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle Inokuphakama malunga neemitha ezingama-4170. Ezi milinganiso zidibene nomphezulu kunye nobubanzi zenza umthamo opheleleyo malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80.000 zeekhilomitha. Ke ngoko, yeyona ntaba-mlilo inkulu eMhlabeni ngokobubanzi nobungakanani.

Idume ngokuba yintaba-mlilo yohlobo lwe-volcano eneempawu ezizodwa. Inokuhamba okuqhubekayo okuphezulu okuye kwavela kuqhushumbo lwakudala lwentaba-mlilo. Yintaba-mlilo ethathwa njengenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo eMhlabeni. Ukusukela oko yenziwa, ibikhe yaqhushumba, nangona ingenamandla kangako. Ngokusisiseko yenziwe ngezinto ezinde kwaye inesiseko saloo msebenzi kunye nokusondela kwawo kubemi babantu. Oku kuyenza ibandakanywe kwiiVolcano zeprojekthi yeMinyaka elishumi, eyenza ukuba ibe sisihloko sophando oluqhubekayo. Enkosi kolu phando, kukho ulwazi oluninzi malunga nalo.

Injenge-dome emile kwaye igama layo livela kwi-caldera ebizwa ngokuba yi-Moku'āweoweo. Le caldera inobunzulu beemitha ezili-183. Inemingxuma emi-4 yokuhla komhlaba eyakhiwe kukuwa komphezulu obekwe ngaphezulu kwegumbi elinomshini. Iikratshi zinamagama kwaye zezi zilandelayo: ILua Hohonu, iLua Hou, iLua Poholo, kunye neSouth Pit. Ezi zimbini zokuqala zibekwe kumazantsi mpuma e-caldera.

Ukuyilwa kweMauna Loa volcano

Siyazi ukuba le volcano yeyona yesibini incinci kwiqela laseIhawaii Islands. Siyazi ukuba ezi ziqithi zadalwa ngenxa yokuhamba kwamacwecwe eteknoloji. Ngokukodwa, kubangelwe kukuhamba kweplate yePasifiki kwindawo eshushu. Kwenzeka malunga neminyaka engama-30 ezigidi eyadlulayo ngexesha le- Ixesha le-Oligocene.

Ekuqaleni, iMauna Loa yaqala njenge-volcano yaselwandle malunga ne-600.000 yeminyaka eyi-1 kunye ne-XNUMX yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Nangona kunjalo, ayaziwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba le datha ichanekile ngokupheleleyo. Kungenzeka ukuba iyakudala ngaphambi okanye kancinci emva kokukhankanyiweyo. Into eyaziwayo kukuba iye yaqhuma kwaqhuma kwaye yabangela ukuba lava idibane ide ivele emazantsi olwandle. Yavela elwandle malunga neminyaka engama-400.000 eyadlulayo, nangona izinga lokukhula kwayo belicotha ukusukela kwiminyaka eyi-100.000 edlulileyo.

Kuyaziwa kwiirekhodi ukuba lo msebenzi wentaba-mlilo wawunamandla ngakumbi kwinqanaba lokuqala lobomi bawo. Njengoko ikhulile ikwazile ukugubungela indawo enkulu kakhulu kodwa ukukhula kuye kwacotha. Udaka olubalekayo lweMauna Loa lwaziwa ivumele indawo enkulu ukuba iveliswe ijikeleze umngxuma wayo. Olu luphawu lweentaba-mlilo ezikhuselekileyo ezivelisa iqonga elikhulu elibangqongileyo.

Ukongeza, enye yezinto eziphambili ekubunjweni kweMauna Loa yayiluxinzelelo lwamanzi kolu hlobo lwentaba-mlilo. Kwaye ukuba xa kuphuhliswa phantsi kwamanzi, kuyaziwa ukuba uxinzelelo lwamanzi lubathintela ekufumaneni ukuphakama okuninzi. Nje ukuba incam ifike kumphezulu wolwandle, bayakhululeka kuxinzelelo lwamanzi. Kulapho ke baya kuthi bakwazi ukuvelisa ugqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo ukuze bafumane amanqanaba amatsha okukhula. Elona nqanaba likhulu lokukhula kweMauna Loa ukusukela oko yayiyilwe yayikukufikelela kulwandle. Nangona kunjalo, kuyaziwa ukuba namhlanje le volcano isekwinqanaba lokuyilwa kwe volcano yekhuselo.

Ukuqhuma kweMauna Loa

Okwangoku akukho ngxelo yokuqhuma okwenzekileyo ngaphambi kokufika kwabantu baseYurophu kule ndawo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izifundo ezininzi zesayensi ezichonga imbali ende yokuqhuma. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, ijolise ngakumbi kuqhume olunenkqubela phambili nangaphantsi. Kucingelwa ukuba uqhushumbo lokuqala lubuyela emva kwisigidi seminyaka kwaye ukusukela ngoko iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zokuqhushumba zezona zibangele ukuba zifumane indawo enkulu yomhlaba, umthamo kunye nokuphakama.

Kuyaziwa ukuba i-98% yomphezulu wentaba-mlilo yenziwe lilava leyo yagxothwa ngaphakathi kwitshimini malunga neminyaka engama-10.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo. Yiyo le nto eyenza ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo njengowona mncinane kuyo yonke ikhonkco laseHawaii. Ukulandelwa kolu dubulo kwenziwa yiGlobal Volcanism yeZiko laseSmithsonian kwaye kubalwe okungenani iziqhushumbisi ezili-109. Ukuqhambuka kokuqala kuqalile ngonyaka we-1843 kwaye ukusukela ngoko bekukhutshwa imathiriyeli evela ngaphakathi malunga namaxesha angama-35. Siphinda sibhekise ukuba uyaziwa ngokuba uyasebenza kodwa engenangxaki kakhulu. Isishwankathelo, kunokuthiwa iMauna Loa iqhume kube kanye kwiminyaka emi-6.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nentaba-mlilo iMauna Loa.