Siyazi ukuba kwiplanethi yethu kukho iindidi ezininzi zeentaba-mlilo ezineempawu ezizodwa kwaye uninzi lwethu lunokusothusa. Enye yazo yi UMauna Kea. Yeyona ncopho iphakamileyo kwiphondo laseHawaii kwaye yintaba-mlilo, ukuba ithathwe kwisiseko sayo njengesiqalo, ithathwa njengeyona ntaba-mlilo iphezulu ehlabathini. Ukuba siyibala ukusuka kule ndawo, igqithile iNtaba i-Everest.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela zonke iimpawu, imvelaphi kunye nokuqhuma kwe-Mauna Kea volcano.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Igama likaMauna Kea livela eHawaii kwaye lithetha intaba emhlophe. Yenye yeentaba-mlilo ezindala ezakha esi siqithi. Yeyona yesine indala kwaye ithathwa njengeyona ntaba-mlilo ingcwele ngabantu baseHawaii. Yintaba-mlilo apho Ungafumana intlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nezendalo ezenziwe ziintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana, ke ibaluleke kakhulu kwinkcubeko nakwindalo. Kuqwalaselwa njengendawo yokusabela kwinani elikhulu leentlobo zasekhaya kwaye akubalulekanga kuphela eHawaii, kodwa kwihlabathi liphela.
Esinye sezinto ezibangela ukuba intaba-mlilo iMauna Kea ime ngenxa yokuba inokuphakama okuphezulu kuneNtaba i-Everest. Ithathelwa ingqalelo njengeyona ntaba-mlilo iphezulu ehlabathini ukuba kubalwa ukuphakama kwisiseko sayo.
Ichazwa njenge-volcano eleleyo. Ime kwinxalenye esemantla embindini wesiqithi esikumbindi woLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Uninzi lobunzima bayo busephantsi kwamanzi, yiyo loo nto iMount Everest ihlala ibizwa ngokuba yeyona iphakamileyo. Ukusuka ezantsi ukuya kwincam yolwandle, zingaphezulu kwe-9.000 yeemitha ukuphakama, kodwa elona nani lichanekileyo alicaci. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuphakama kwayo kuphakathi kwe-9.330 kunye ne-9.966 yeemitha, okanye nangaphezulu kweemitha ezili-10.000. Ngokwe-United States Geological Survey, ziimitha ezingama-4.205 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Umthamo wayo umalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-3.200.
Yintaba-mlilo emile okwekhaka encotsheni yentaba egutyungelwe likhephu. Ewe, nangona iHawaii ingeyondawo enxulumene nokubanda, iMauna Kea inephepha lomkhenkce kwaye, ebudeni beenyanga zobusika, ibhala ikhephu (kungoko igama). Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba ibe yindawo edumileyo yokufikela ukuziqhelanisa nemidlalo efana nokuskiya nokukhwela ikhephu. Ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo, imbonakalo-mhlaba, umoya ococekileyo kunye nomgama ukusuka kwizixeko ezikhulu, iiteleskopu kunye neendawo zokubukela zafakwa.
Ukwakhiwa kwentaba-mlilo iMauna Kea
Sithetha ngentaba-mlilo eleleyo enokuvuka nanini na. Kwaye ukuba phantse zonke iintaba-mlilo ezingasebenziyo zinokuvuka nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye zingene kumjikelo wokuqhuma kwakhona.
IMauna Kea iqikelelwa kwiminyaka emalunga nesigidi ubudala. Ukuba yintaba-mlilo ekhuselayo, yenziwa phantse yonke ngokuqokelelwa kweengqimba ezininzi zodaka olunamanzi, egalela kuwo onke amacala, esenza amathambeka athambileyo kunye neemilo ezibanzi. Nangona kunjalo, lava kule meko ibukeka kakhulu kwaye kuthambeka ithambeka. Ngokukodwa, kuthiwa ibikwimeko yogcino olukhuselekileyo kuba ingene kwisigaba sotshintsho, kwaye umsebenzi wayo wokuqhuma uye wehla ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-400 eyadlulayo. Nangona kunjalo, njengayo nayiphi na intaba-mlilo eleleyo, inokuvuka nangaliphi na ixesha.
Imvelaphi yayo yindawo eshushu eHawaii, indawo enentaba-mlilo ephezulu. Ipleyiti yePasifiki ityibilika ngaphaya kweli nqanaba, apho kuphuma khona umaleko owenziwe nge-basaltic, itshabalalisa uqweqwe lwaselwandle kwaye ibonakale njengodaka ngexesha lokuqhuma. Ngale ndlela, iMauna Kea yaqala njengentaba-mlilo engaphantsi kwamanzi, de kwaqhambuka ulwahlulo lwentaba-mlilo olugqithisileyo lwayinika imeko yayo yangoku. Uninzi lolwakhiwo lwakhiwe ePleistocene.
Imisebenzi yasemva kokukhusela yaqala ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60,000 eyadlulayo; ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-300,000, emva koko yaqala ukuphalaza i-basalt yealkaline.
Ukuqhuma kweMauna Kea
Ixesha lokugqibela ukuphuma kweMauna Kea kwakuyiminyaka engama-4.500 4.600-XNUMX eyadlulayo. Yayisebenza kakhulu kwinqanaba lokhuselo malunga neminyaka engama-500.000 eyadlulayo, kwaye emva kokufikelela kwinqanaba elingasemva lekhaka, umsebenzi uye wathula de waba yintaba-mlilo engalawulekiyo.
Kukho iimeko ezimbalwa eziqinisekisiweyo zokuqhuma kwembali; Oko kukuthi, malunga nesithandathu, zonke ezo zinto zenzeka ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo.Malunga neminyaka engama-4.000-6.000 eyadlulayo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwaqhuma imiphunga esi-7 kwaye imele ezinye zeziqhushumbisi zakutshanje. Esi siganeko sokugqibela ngokungathandabuzekiyo sivelise ii-cinder cones kunye neefesti kumantla nakumazantsi emazantsi kwindawo ethile yeHolocene.
ijiology
IMauna Kea yenye yeentaba-mlilo ezintlanu ezitshisayo ezenza iSiqithi Esikhulu saseHawaii kwaye sesona siqithi sikhulu nesona sincinci kwi-Emperor Seamount Chain yaseHawaii. Kwintlanganiso yayo, intaba-mlilo yaseMauna Kea ayisiyo-caldera ebonakalayo, kodwa uthotho lweekhowuni ezenziwe ngothuthu kunye nelitye lepumice. Kuyacingeleka ukuba kukho intaba-mlilo ephezulu phezu kwentaba, eyayigqunywe yintlenga yaloo mlilo wentaba-mlilo wawulandelayo.
Intaba-mlilo iMauna Kea inomthamo ongaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezisikwere ezingama-3,200 kwaye ubunzima bayo bukhulu kangangokuba, kunye nentaba-mlilo engummelwane iMauna Loa, yenze uxinzelelo kulwandlekazi lweekhilomitha ezi-6 ubunzulu. I-volcano iyaqhubeka nokutyibilika kwaye icinezele ngaphantsi kwayo kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kwe-0,2 mm ngonyaka.
IMauna Kea kuphela kwentaba-mlilo eHawaii ene-glaciation eyomeleleyo, kubandakanya ulwimi lwe-glacial kunye ne-glaciation. Iidipozithi ezifanayo ezinokubakho eMauna Loa, kodwa ezi dipozithi ziye zagutyungelwa kukuhamba kwamanzi emva kwexesha. Nangona iHawaii ikweleenjiko, ukwehla kwesidanga esi-1 kubushushu kumaxesha ahlukeneyo omkhenkce Kwanele ukugcina ikhephu phezulu encotsheni yentaba ngalo lonke ixesha lasehlotyeni, ngaloo ndlela kuyila iphepha lomkhenkce. Kubekho imingxunya emithathu kwiminyaka eyi-180.000 edlulileyo, ebizwa njalo IPōhakuloa.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nentaba-mlilo iMauna Kea kunye neempawu zayo.
Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula