Iatmosfera yomhlaba yahlulwe yangamacandelo ahlukeneyo, nganye nganye inokubumba okuhlukeneyo kunye nomsebenzi. Makhe sigxile kwi mesosphere. I-mesosphere yindawo yesithathu yomoya womhlaba, ophezulu ngaphezu kwe-stratosphere kunye nangaphantsi kwe-thermosphere.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni i-mesosphere, yintoni ukubaluleka kwayo, ukwakhiwa kunye neempawu zayo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
I-mesosphere isukela malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-50 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-85 ngaphezulu komhlaba. Kubude beekhilomitha ezingama-35. Ubushushu bomaleko ophakathi buya bubanda njengoko umgama womhlaba usonyuka, oko kukuthi, ukuphakama kuyanda. Kwezinye iindawo ezishushu, iqondo lobushushu linokufikelela kwi -5 degrees celcius, kodwa kwezinye iindawo eziphakamileyo ubushushu buyehla buye kwi -140 degrees Celsius.
Ubuninzi beegesi kwi-mesosphere ziphantsi, zenziwe nge-oksijini, i-carbon dioxide kunye ne-nitrogen, kwaye ubukhulu babo bufana ngokufanayo nezo zomoya we-tropospheric. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwala macandelo mabini kukuxinana komoya kubume obuphakathi busezantsi, umxholo womphunga wamanzi usezantsi, kwaye umxholo weozone uphezulu.
I-mesosphere ngumaleko okhuselayo womhlaba kuba utshabalalisa uninzi lweemeteor kunye neeasteroids ngaphambi kokuba zifike kumphezulu womhlaba. Ngummandla obandayo womoya wonke.
Indawo apho i-mesosphere iphela kwaye iqala khona i-thermosphere ibizwa ngokuba yi-mesopause; Lo ngummandla we-mesosphere onamaxabiso asezantsi obushushu. Umda ongezantsi we-mesosphere kunye ne-stratosphere ubizwa ngokuba yi-stratopause. Le yindawo apho umaleko ophakathi unexabiso lobushushu eliphantsi. Ngamanye amaxesha uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwamafu lwenza kumaleko aphakathi kufutshane nezibonda zomntla kunye nezantsi, ezibizwa ngokuba "ngamafu amdaka." La mafu ayimangalisa kuba enza phezulu kakhulu kunalo naluphi na olunye uhlobo lwamafu.
Uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lombane luza kuvela kumaleko aphakathi, obizwa ngokuba "ngumbane wombane."
Umsebenzi weMesosphere
I-mesosphere ngumaleko wedwala lasezulwini elisikhusela ekungeneni kumoya womhlaba. Ama-meteorites kunye ne-asteroids zitshisa ngenxa yokuxabana neemolekyuli zomoya ukwenza imeteorites ezikhanyayo, ezaziwa nangokuthi "ziinkwenkwezi zokudubula." Kuqikelelwa ukuba malunga neetoni ezingama-40 zeemeteorites ziwela emhlabeni yonke imihla, kodwa umaleko ophakathi ungazitshisa kwaye wenze nomonakalo womhlaba ngaphambi kokuba zifike.
Njengomaleko we-ozone westratospheric, umaleko ophakathi uyasikhusela kwimitha yelanga eyingozi (radiation yelanga). Izibane zaseMantla kunye nezibane zaseMantla zenzeka kwinqanaba eliphakathiEzi zinto zinexabiso eliphezulu labakhenkethi kunye nezoqoqosho kwiindawo ezithile zomhlaba.
I-mesosphere lelona cwecwe licocekileyo leatmosfera, kuba iqulethe kuphela i-0,1% yobunzima bomoya kwaye inokufikelela kumaqondo obushushu ukuya kuthi ga kuma -80 degrees. Ukuphendula okubalulekileyo kweekhemikhali kwenzeka kulo maleko kwaye ngenxa yokuxinana komoya, iziphithiphithi ezahlukahlukeneyo zenziwa ezinceda iziphekepheke xa zibuyela eMhlabeni, kuba ziqala ukuqaphela ubume bemimoya yangasemva kwaye ayisiyiyo kuphela i-brodynamic brake. inqanawa.
Ekupheleni kwe-mesosphere kukuphela kwemesopause. Ngumaleko womda owahlula i-mesosphere kunye ne-thermosphere. Ime malunga ne-85-90 km ukuphakama kwaye kuyo iqondo lobushushu lizinzile kwaye liphantsi kakhulu. I-Chemiluminescence kunye ne-aeroluminescence reaction zenzeka kolu luhlu.
Ukubaluleka kwemesosphere
I-mesosphere ibisoloko ingumoya kunye nokuhlola okuncinci kunye nophando, kuba iphakame kakhulu kwaye ayivumeli ukuba iinqwelomoya okanye iibhaluni zomoya ezishushu zidlule, kwaye kwangaxeshanye iphantsi kakhulu ukuba ingalungela iinqwelomoya. Uninzi lweesathelayithi zijikeleza kulo mmandla womoya.
Ngokukhangela kunye nophando usebenzisa iirokethi ezinesandi, la maleko e-atmosfera afunyenwe, kodwa ukuzinza kwezi zixhobo kufuneka kuncitshiswe. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela ngo-2017, i-NASA izibophelele ekuphuhliseni isixhobo esinokuthi sifunde umaleko ophakathi. Le artifact ibizwa ngokuba yi-sodium lidar (ukukhanya kunye noluhlu lokufumanisa).
Ukugcwala okukhulu kolu luhlu ngenxa yeqondo eliphantsi kuyo-kunye nezinye izinto ezichaphazela ubume bomoya- imele isikhombisi sendlela utshintsho kwimozulu oluvela ngayo. Kule nqanaba kukho umoya we-zonal obonakaliswe kwicala lasempuma-ntshona, eli candelo libonisa icala abalilandelayo. Ukongeza, kukho amaza omoya kunye namaza womxhuzulane.
Ubungqingqwa obuncinci kakhulu kwaye awukwazi ukuphefumla kuwo. Kwakhona, uxinzelelo luphantsi kakhulu, ke ukuba awunxibanga i-spacesuit, igazi lakho kunye nolwelo lomzimba luya kubila. Kucatshangelwa ukuba kuyimfihlakalo kuba kuncinci kakhulu okuye kwafundwa kwaye ngenxa yeziganeko ezahlukeneyo ezothusayo zendalo ezenzekileyo kuyo.
Amafu e-noctiluscent kunye neenkwenkwezi zokudubula
Kwi-mesosphere izinto ezininzi ezizodwa ezizodwa zendalo zenzeka. Umzekelo woku ngamafu abonisa ukukhanya ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwaye anokubonwa kwizibonda ezisemantla nasezantsi. La mafu ayenziwa xa imeteor ibetha iatmosferi kwaye ikhuphe uthuli oluninzi, umphunga wamanzi omkhenkce osuka efini uyakubambelela eluthulini.
Amafu e-noctilucent okanye amafu aphakathi kwe-polar aphezulu kakhulu kunamafu aqhelekileyo, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80 ukuphakama, ngelixa amafu aqhelekileyo abonwa kwi-troposphere asezantsi kakhulu.
Iinkwenkwezi zokudubula nazo zenzeka kulo maleko womoya. Zenzeka kwinqanaba eliphakathi kwaye ukubonwa kwazo kuhlala kuxabiseke kakhulu ngabantu. Ezi "nkwenkwezi" ziveliswa kukubola kwemeteorites, eziveliswa kukungqubana nomoya osemoyeni kwaye zibangele ukuba zikhuphe ukubengezela.
Enye into eyenzekayo kule ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yimitha ye-elf. Nangona bafunyanwa ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-1925 kwaye baboniswa nguCharles Wilson ngo-XNUMX, imvelaphi yayo kusenzima ukuyiqonda. Le mitha ihlala ibomvu, ivela kwi-mesosphere, kwaye inokubonwa kude namafu. Akukacaci ukuba zibangelwa yintoni, kwaye ubukhulu bazo bunokufikelela kumashumi eekhilomitha.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-mesosphere kunye neempawu zayo.