Into yokuba umntu afike enyangeni ibangele impikiswano enkulu kwihlabathi liphela. Abakhanyeli kunye namaqhinga bacinga ukuba konke oku bekuyinkohliso koorhulumente kwaye nenyanga khange kufikelelwe kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, yiminyaka engama-50 okoko umntu wokuqala waya enyangeni kwaye kwaphawula ngaphambi nasemva kwimbali yamva nje yabantu. Abaninzi bayazibuza mangaphi amadoda anyathele inyanga ukusukela ngoko.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba mangaphi amadoda anyathele inyanga kwaye enze unyaka onjani.
Mangaphi amadoda anyathele inyanga
I-mission yokuqala kwisathelayithi yethu yaqala kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo yaza yabizwa ngokuba nguApollo 11. Kule mishini yayingoosomajukujuku UNeil Armstrong, uBuzz Aldrin, kunye noMichael Collins. Bakwazile ukufikelela kwisathelayithi yethu okokuqala kwaye sesona sihlandlo sikhunjulwayo ngabo bonke abo bakwaziyo ukufumana olu hambo lwasendaweni bahlala. Siyazi ukuba u-Armstrong ngoyena mntu wayeneli binzana lidumileyo "Inyathelo elincinci lomntu, kodwa intsi enkulu yoLuntu", ihleli unanamhla kwimemori yabo bonke.
Ngaphandle koku, ngokuhamba kwexesha, oosomajukujuku abaninzi bakwazile ukunyathela umphezulu wenyanga. Uninzi lwazo alwaziwa njengolokuqala, kodwa siyazi ukuba ali-12 lamadoda ahamba enyangeni. Siza kuhlalutya nganye nganye kwaye sixele ngokufutshane imeko apho babekwazi ukuya kwisathelayithi yethu.
UNeil Armstrong kunye noBuzz Aldrin
Babephakathi kwabantu bokuqala ukuba benze umsebenzi wokuqala nongalibalekiyo owaziwa ngokuba nguApollo 11. Le mishini yenzeka ngoJulayi 1969. U-Armstrong waye ligqala elaziwayo kwiMfazwe yaseKorea kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yindoda yokuqala ukubeka unyawo ebusweni benyanga. Elona candelo libalulekileyo kwimishini yayikukufika enyangeni kwaye ungaphumi kwisithuthi ukunyathela umphezulu wayo. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba kukho ezinye iimeko enyangeni kunasemhlabeni. Kufuneka nje ubone ubunzima bomhlaba. Abukho ubungakanani bomxhuzulane obulinganayo enyangeni njengokuba bekunjalo eMhlabeni. Ke ngoko, ukubetha lo mgangatho kunzima kakhulu kwaye kuya kufuneka uqeqeshe.
UBuzz Aldrin wayeyindoda yesibini ukubeka unyawo enyangeni. Ukuchitha iiyure ezingama-21 kunye nemizuzu engama-36 kumphezulu wenyanga. Ngokungafaniyo no-Armstrong, owayeyindoda egcinwe ngakumbi, le ndoda yayithanda imithombo yeendaba kunye notori. Oku kwenza ukuba kuqheleke ngakumbi ukumbona esenza ukubonakala esidlangalaleni kwaye esenza ingxelo malunga nezinto ababehlala apho.
UCharles Conrad kunye noAlan Bean
Xa sizibuza ukuba mangaphi amadoda ahambileyo enyangeni, ezimbini zokuqala zezona zaziwayo. Olunye uluhlu esiza kuthiya ngalo igama alwaziwa kakuhle. La madoda mabini ayenjalo abo bajongene nokunyathela kumhlaba wenyanga kwi-mission eyaziwa ngokuba ngu-Apollo 12. Le mishini yenzeka ngo-Novemba ka-1969. Inokwenziwa kuphela kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kweyokuqala. Ke, kunokuthiwa ukuba kulo nyaka i-astronomy yayisemilebeni yomntu wonke. Kwakungunyaka apho abantu babekwazi ukubalasela ngenxa yenkqubela phambili yesayensi kunye netekhnoloji ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba bakwazi ukushiya iplanethi yethu kwaye banyathele umhlaba ongaphandle.
Le mishini yafumana ubunzima xa yayiqala ngenxa yesaqhwithi sombane. Nangona kunjalo, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaba uphumelele enyangeni.
UAlan Shepard kunye noEd Mitchell
Bangabanye oosomajukujuku abakwazileyo ukufikelela enyangeni. Owokuqala wayengowaseMelika wokuqala ukwaziswa esithubeni kwaye owesibini wayeyindoda yokuqala emva kweSoviet Yuri Gagarin. Ngokudibeneyo bakwazile ukunyathela kwenyanga ngoJanuwari 1971. Umsebenzi owawusenzeka wawusaziwa ngegama lika-Apollo 14. Olu hambo lwakhunjulwa ngokuba nolunye lwezona ndawo zichanekileyo zokufika kwenyanga embalini. Imodyuli yokuqhuba inyanga yayinguMitchel kwaye waba yindoda yesithandathu ukunyathela kwisathelayithi. Yakwazi ukuqokelela malunga ne-100 kg yamatye enyanga ngexesha lokuthunywa.
Mangaphi amadoda ahambileyo enyangeni: UDavid Scott noJames Irwin
Kwimishini ye-Apollo 15 sinomhla kaJulayi 1971, ke wawungomnye unyaka obukhali ngokwe-astronomy. Babenabalinganiswa abaphambili kwinyanga kunye babengabokuqala ukusebenzisa iSithuthi esiLunar Roving kuhambo lwabo. Ngale moto babenako ukugubungela isixa esikhulu senyanga ukuze bandise ulwazi malunga nesathelayithi yethu.
Nangona kunjalo, le mishini yayinempikiswano enamandla apho oosomajukujuku banqunyanyiswa ekubuyeni kwabo. Kwaye bahambisa ngaphandle kokubhengeza nantoni na iimvulophu ezinezitampu zesikhumbuzo semishini ngokutshintshela imali. Ezi mvulophu zazithengiswa ngusomashishini owayebaqeshile okanye njengesikhumbuzo senyanga ngamaxabiso aphakamileyo. Ekugqibeleni, i-NASA yathimba iimvulophu ezisele kwaye yagweba oosomajukujuku. Njengamaxesha onke, umntu uyaqhutywa kukunyoluka nokuzingca. Into ebaluleke kakhulu emntwini njengokufikelela kwisathelayithi yethu kwaye akwazi ukufunda okungakumbi ngayo, ligutyungelwe ngamandla ezoqoqosho.
UJohn Young kunye noCharlie Duke
Aba babini boosomajukujuku babekhokele i-Apollo 16 ngo-Epreli 1972. Njengoko ubona, yayiyiminyaka embalwa exakekileyo yokuya enyangeni. Umntu wangaphambili wayengoyena astronaut wakha wakhonza ixesha elide embalini kwaye Usweleke eneminyaka engama-87 ngenxa yenyumoniya. Owesibini usaphila namhlanje kwaye uneminyaka engama-83 ubudala.
U-Eugene Cernan kunye noHarrison Schmitt
Babekhokele kwimishini eyaziwa ngokuba nguApollo 17. Yayingumsebenzi wokugqibela wenyanga. USchmitt usenokuba sisazinzulu sokuqala esiqeqeshelwe ukuhamba emajukujukwini kwaye ngowesibini emva koNeil Armstrong. Ukusukela ngoko siye sanikwa eminye imisebenzi yokuya enyangeni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungazi ukuba mangaphi amadoda ahambileyo enyangeni.