Imvula ewele eSpain kwezi veki zidlulileyo isebenze kwakhona ukufumana amanqanaba amadama kuyo yonke iPeninsula. Nangona kunjalo, azikasondelanga, yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuphelisa iingxaki zembalela.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba amanqanaba amadama anyuke njani kunye nokuthelekisa noko bekufanele ukuba sinakho?
Imbalela iyonke
Imbalela eSpain ayibonwanga ukusukela ngo-1995 apho amadama kulo lonke elaseSpain afikelela kumyinge wama-34%. Le 2017 izakuvala ngokubhukisha ngama-38,15%, emva kweeveki ezintathu zilandelelana zezikhukula. Ezi zikhukula ziye zanceda amadama ukuba aphile ngandlela ithile, kodwa akayinciphisi imbalela enzima eSpain.
Umthamo wamanzi ugcinwe eSpain namhlanje ziihektometri ezingama-21.391 zeekyubikhi. esi sixa sisekude kunomyinge wale minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, nesimi kuma-31.691 eehektropikhi zekyubhiki.
Amanqanaba amadama ebengekho phantsi kangako ukusukela ngo-1995, xa bafikelela kumthamo wama-34,71%. Imeko ngeli xesha ibetha ngokukodwa kwezinye izitya zomntla-ntshona, ezinje ngeDuero, ekwi-31,38% (inqanaba elingazange libonwe ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30) okanye iSegura, eku-14,11 , XNUMX%, eyona nto ikhathaza kakhulu.
Ndiyabulela kwimvula kwezi veki ziye zanda, ngakumbi kwezinye iiakhawunti kumantla peninsula ezikwimeko enzima kakhulu. Ezinye ezinje ngeMpuma Cantabrian, ekwi-90,41%, i-Western Cantabrian, ekwi-61,20% kunye neMiño-Sil, kwi-44,22%.
Intsilelo yamanzi egciniweyo
Idatha evela kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa Wezolimo Nezokuloba, Ukutya kunye neNdalo esingqongileyo eyaziwa namhlanje, okokugqibela ngo-2017, ityhila ukuba izitya ezinesiphene esikhulu samanzi ziyaqhubeka ukuba zezo zeSegura, nge-14,11%; ekaJúcar, ngama-25%; isitya seMeditera iAndalusian, ngama-30,58%; IDuero, ngama-31,38%; kunye neGuadalquivir, ngama-31,69%.
Isitya seSegura sesona sikhathaza kakhulu kwaye amanqanaba ebengekho kangako ngaphezulu kweminyaka elishumi, xa befika kwi-14,26%. Amanqanaba eJúcar nawo ebephantsi kakhulu, nangona bekunjalo nakwimbalela ka-2007, efikelela kuma-20,02%.
Ngamanqanaba angaphantsi kwe-50%, izitya zeMiño-Sil (44,22%), iGalicia Costa (46,64), iDuero (31,38), iTajo (37,40), iGuadiana nayo iya kuvala unyaka. (44,04), iGuadalete (38,82), iGuadalquivir (31,69), izitya zeMedithera zaseAndalusi (30,58), i-Ebro (48,91) kunye nezitya zangaphakathi zeCatalonia (45,79).
Njengoko sisazi, inyakatho yeSpain ayichaphazeleki kangako yimbalela, kuba amanqanaba ayo aphezulu: I-Cantabrian yaseMpuma, eya kuthi iphele unyaka ngamanqanaba angama-90,41; INtshona Cantabrian (61,20); amadama eLizwe laseBasque (80,95), kunye nalawo kaTinto Odiel nasePiedras (angama-69).
Ukuba senza isishwankathelo sawo onke amadama aseSpain, sifumana ipesenti ye-38,15% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ophelileyo, ovale unyaka nge-51,1%. Njengoko sibona, unyaka nonyaka imbalela iya isiba mandundu kwaye iba yingozi ngakumbi, ekubeni ukwanda kwentlango kuyanda.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamadama kunye nemvula
Zimbini iintlobo zokusetyenziswa ezinikwa amadama: ezokusetyenziswa kokutya (ezo zibonelela ngabantu) kunye nezo zivelisa amandla ombane wamanzi (ngeempophoma).
Amanzi okusetyenziswa asetyenziswayo Baku-33,3% kude kunyaka ophelileyo wama-58,1%.
Kwelinye icala, amadama asetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amandla ombane asebenza kwi-49%, xa umyinge weminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo ubuyi-62,2%.
Imvula zamva nje zichaphazele phantse lonke elaseSpain, zincedisa ekwandiseni amanqanaba amadama, kodwa ngokokuqikelela aziyi kwanela ukunciphisa iingxaki zembalela, ezonyuka ehlotyeni.