Kwenzeka ntoni xa udaka lufikelela elwandle

udaka luqukuqela

Emva kogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo yaseLa Palma, kwaphakama imibuzo emikhulu kubantu abaninzi. Zonke ezo zihambelana neempawu zeentaba-mlilo kunye ne-lava. Omnye weyona mibuzo ibihlala ihleli ngowokuba kwenzeka ntoni xa udaka lufikelela elwandle.

Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba kwenzekani ukuba i-lava ifike elwandle, ziphi iimpawu zayo kunye nokuba yintoni enokwenzeka.

iimpawu ze-lava

ukudubula kwentaba-mlilo

Ngaphakathi eMhlabeni, ubushushu bukhulu kangangokuba amatye kunye neegesi ezenza le mantle ziyanyibilika. Isijikelezi-langa sethu sinombindi owenziwe ngodaka. Lo mbindi wogqunywe luqweqwe kunye neengqimba zamatye aqinileyo. Isixhobo esinyibilikisiweyo esiyimagma, kwaye xa sityhalelwa kumphezulu woMhlaba siyibiza ngokuba ludaka. Nangona amaleko amabini ahlukile, i-crust kunye nelitye, inyaniso kukuba zombini zitshintsha rhoqo: iliwa eliqinisiweyo liba lulwelo kwaye ngokuphambeneyo. Ukuba i-magma ingena kuqweqwe kwaye ifike kumhlaba womhlaba, ijika ibe yilava.

Nangona kunjalo, sibiza i-lava ngokuba yimagmatic material ephuma kumhlaba kwaye ngaloo ndlela isasazeka ukuya phezulu. ILava ishushu kakhulu, phakathi kwe-700°C kunye ne-1200°C. Ngokungafaniyo ne-magma, enokuthi iphole ngokukhawuleza, i-lava ixinene kwaye ngoko ithatha ixesha elide ukupholisa. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kuyingozi kakhulu ukusondela kwindawo yogqabhuko-mlilo, nokuba kusemva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa udaka lufikelela elwandle

Kwenzeka ntoni xa udaka lufikelela elwandle luze lungene

Ukuqukuqela kwentaba-mlilo yaseLa Palma kwagxalathelana ukuya elwandle, nto leyo eyabangela ukusabela kwemichiza ngoko nangoko. Emva kokuwa kumgama oziimitha ezili-100. imathiriyeli yentaba-mlilo ephakathi kwe-900 kunye ne-1.000 ºC idibana namanzi kuma-20 ºC. Ukusabela okwenzekayo kukuba ngumphunga oqinileyo, kuba umahluko wobushushu mkhulu kangangokuba udaka luyakwazi ukufudumeza amanzi ngokukhawuleza kakhulu nokudala amafu, uninzi lwawo ngumphunga wamanzi. Kodwa nezona nxalenye zawo ziphambili, amanzi akaqulathanga ihydrogen neoksijini (H2O) kuphela, ikwanothotho lwezinye iinxalenye zemichiza, njengeklorini, ikhabhoni, njl. njl., enokuvelisa iigesi ezahlukahlukeneyo nezinto eziguquguqukayo.

I-Instituto de Vulcanología de Canarias (INVOLCAN) inika ingxelo yokuba ezi zenza amafu amhlophe okanye iikholomu (iiplamu) ezizaliswe yi-hydrochloric acid, njengoko bekubonwe kwasekuqaleni. Amanzi olwandle atyebile kwisodium chloride (NaCl), kunye nenkqubo ephambili yeekhemikhali eyenzeka kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu le-lava ivelisa i-hydrochloric acid (HCl), ngaphezu kwekholamu yomphunga wamanzi. I-drone enezinzwa zeekhemikhali isetyenziswe kwindawo ukuhlalutya igesi.

Ukongeza, ezinye iikhompawundi ziveliswa, kodwa ngokwembono yokhuseleko azinakuthelekiswa ne-hydrochloric acid kuba, phakathi kwezinye iziphumo, kunokubangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba okanye kwamehlo, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba uhlale kude nendawo. ukufika. Okufanayo kuya kwiigesi zokukhupha.

Iingcali zibethelela ukuba eli lifu alinanto yakwenza nommandla omkhulu wentaba-mlilo: “Kwakukho i<em>sulphur dioxide eninzi (eyona gesi iphambili esinceda sibone imeko yogqabhuko-dubulo), ikharbon diokside nezinye izinto eziphuma apho, kodwa kakhulu. phezulu".

Iikholamu zomphunga oneasidi oveliswa ludaka olushushu kunye neelwandle zikwanazo neenkozo ezincinane zeglasi yentaba-mlilo.

Emva kokuvezwa kwindawo ezibandayo kunye nesixa esikhulu samanzi, i-lava iphola ngokukhawuleza, ibangela ukuba iqine njengeglasi, eqhekezwe ngumahluko obushushu. Ngokubanzi, ziigesi ezishushu kakhulu (ezingaphezulu kwe-100 ºC xa amanzi ebila) ezinokuthi ngamanye amaxesha zibe yityhefu. Zakuba zikhutshelwe emoyeni, ziyahlakazeka zize zinyibilike. Kunokubakho umngcipheko kuluhlu olusondeleyo, kodwa ngokucacileyo loo ndawo irhangqwe kwaye ikhuselwe iimayile ezijikelezayoNgoko ke akufanele kube sisizathu sokuxhalaba.

kwenzeka ntoni emanzini

Okukhona ukude kumpompozo wodaka, iqondo lobushushu lamanzi liya liphucuka ngokuthe ngcembe. Ubushushu belava bubilisa amanzi xa athe wadibana ngqo namaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-100ºC. Amanzi aba ngumphunga, kodwa njengoko ehambela kude nodaka, ubushushu buhla ngokuthe ngcembe.

Okukhona ukude kumsinga wodaka, iqondo lobushushu lolwandle liyabuyela ngokuthe ngcembe. Amanzi anamandla kunempahla yokuhlamba impahla, ngaphandle kwakwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo apho amanzi ebefudula abe ngumphunga ngoko nangoko.

Ngethuba nje i-lava iqhubeka ifikelela elwandle kwaye ihlanjululwe, Ngokuvumela iziqithi ukuba ziphakame ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, ukusabela kwemichiza kuyaqhubeka. Kuya kuhlala kukho umaleko wamanzi adibana nempahla eshushu. Logama nje iqhubeka ifika, le mpendulo iya kuqhubeka kuba kuyakuhlala kukho umahluko wobushushu.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba udaka lufikelela elwandle kwaye kuveliswe iigesi

kwenzeka ntoni xa udaka lufikelela elwandle

Iziphumo ze-gasification okanye ukufakwa kweegesi ezivela kumbhobho we-lava ukuya elwandle zithintelwe, ngoko ke, kwindawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwe-lava kunye nolwandle, eyona nto idlulayo. Kumthetho, Isiphumo solu khwelo emanzini sithande ukunyamalala okanye sincitshiswe kakhulu xa usiya kude.

Ngokukwanjalo, iingcali ze-INVOLCAN zilumkisa ngelithi ezi ntsika zomphunga weasidi ziyingozi eqinisekileyo yasekuhlaleni kubantu abatyelela okanye abakwiindawo eziselunxwemeni apho udaka ludibana nolwandle.

Ngaphezu koko, baphikisa ngelithi, lo mphunga awukho mandla kangako njengowombombo ophuma kwintaba-mlilo, ovelisa iigesi ezinamandla ezineasidi yentaba-mlilo. Bafaka amandla amakhulu emoyeni, ukufikelela phezulu ukuya kwi-5 km.

I-INVOLCAN ilumkisa ukuba ukuphefumla okanye ukuvezwa kweegesi ezine-acidic kunye nolwelo kunokucaphukisa ulusu, amehlo kunye nepheshana lokuphefumla, ngaphezu kokubangela ubunzima bokuphefumla, ngakumbi kwabo banemeko yokuphefumla esele ikhona.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba kwenzekani ukuba i-lava ifike elwandle.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.