IGranada liphondo apho iinyikima ezininzi zenzeka rhoqo. Nangona zingezizo iinyikima zomhlaba eziphezulu kakhulu neziyingozi, ziyenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Konke oku kuthetha ukuba izazinzulu kufuneka zifunde ngakumbi ngale nxalenye yePeninsula yase-Iberia kunye nemiphumo enokubakho yeenyikima ezininzi kangaka. abantu abaninzi bayazibuza kutheni kukho iinyikima zomhlaba ezininzi kangaka eGranada.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela nzulu ukuba kutheni kukho iinyikima ezininzi eGranada kwaye zeziphi iziphumo ezinazo.
Kutheni kukho iinyikima zomhlaba ezininzi kangaka eGranada?
Kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba uMhlaba ungcangcazele kancinci kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-Granada Basin, enye yeendawo ezinomngcipheko ophezulu we-seismic kwi-peninsula. Iinyikima zomhlaba zavakala kwiidolophu zaseGranada ezifana neAtarfe, iSanta Fe okanye iVegas del Genil zibangelwa lungcelele lweenyikima eziqale ekuqaleni kukaDisemba zaza zaphinda zasebenza ngoJanuwari.
UAna Crespo Blanc, unjingalwazi we-geodynamics kwiYunivesithi yaseGranada kunye neengcali kwiinyikima, wachaza ukuba ubukhulu benyikima bunxulumene nobude bempazamo, leyo. eGranada ziikhilomitha ezingama-20 okanye ezingama-25 kuphela, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba kuya kubakho umonakalo onamandla ngakumbi wenyikima njengaleyo enokuthi yenzeke eSan Francisco (USA).
Isizathu somsebenzi we-seismic yangoku yingxabano phakathi kwe-Afrika kunye ne-Iberian tectonic plates. “Sikumda wepleyiti ehamba ngeemilimitha ezi-5 ngonyaka, kwaye olu tshintsho lunokubangela ukuba iinyikima ziphindaphindwe,” utshilo uCrespo.
Yintoni i-seismic swarm
Le ntshukumo icothayo yeepleyiti inokubangela iinyikima zobukhulu obahlukeneyo, ezaziwa njengee-seismic swarms, kwiindawo ezikufutshane.
UManuel Regueiro, umphathi weKholeji Yezazi Zomhlaba, wathi: “Ukuthomalaliswa koxinezeleko okwenzeka kwiimpazamo, eziziintanda ezisematyeni, xa umntu eshukuma kudala ityathanga, yaye zonke ziyashukuma zize zibangele impazamo nganye.” Ngokutsho kwabaphandi, ubunzulu benyikima yokugqibela buphantse bube ngu-zero, kwaye ukuqina kwayo kwandisa imeko yokuphaphama kwezentlalo kuba, phezu komhlaba, abemi babona ngcono.
Ukuba i-epicenter inzulu, yomelele ngakumbi, i-wave iya kuba buthathaka kwaye ivakale kancinci kumphezulu. Khumbula kwi-IGN ukuba inyikima ye-2010 yayinkulu kunobukhulu bangoku (6,2 kwisikali sikaRichter) kodwa, ngenxa yokuba iye yangena nzulu, yayingaphantsi kakhulu.
Ngenxa yoko, ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyikima ze-40 zirekhodwe ngale ntsasa eGranada kwaye zavakala ukuya kuthi ga kumaphondo angama-6 ase-Andalusi, i-30 yazo yenzeke ngeeyure ezintathu. Obona bukhulu bunamandla yayiyi-4,3 kunye ne-4,2, kunye ne-epicenter e-Santa Fe. Impembelelo ye-aftershocks yothusa abantu baseGranada, abathi nangona babeziqhelile iintshukumo ze-seismic, babashiya emphethweni phezolo.
Iinyikima kwiimpazamo ezimfutshane
“Inyikima apha ikumgca wempazamo omfutshane,” utshilo, esongeza ukuba ukuziva kuxhomekeke kwindawo yendlu. Kwiindawo ezinamatye le nto ayichazwanga kangako, kwaye kwindawo yeVega, apho iSanta Fe okanye iAtarfe ikhona, uyandiswa ngenxa yokuba umhlaba ongaphantsi awuqini kangako.
Ubunzulu bayo bukwachaphazela ifuthe leenyikima. Iqondo lobushushu eliyi-3,1 elirekhodwe emini emaqanda ngoLwesibini lenzekile kumgama oziikhilomitha ezi-5: Abamelwane bavakalelwa kukuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye ingaphezulu kulo mmandla.
U-Jesús Galindo, uprofesa we-geodynamics kwiYunivesithi yaseGranada, ucele inkxaso-mali eninzi ukuze akwazi ukuqokelela idatha efunekayo ukuqikelela olu hlobo lwesiganeko. “Besinazo izixhobo, kodwa besidinga inkxaso-mali,” ukhumbule oko, njengoko kuqhawuke uxinezeleko kwiikhilomitha ezilishumi elinambini zeempazamo eGranada, okubangele olu hlobo lwentshukumo kwezinye iindawo ezikufutshane.
Ngale ndlela, uxela kwangaphambili ukuba "kuya kuba nolunye uchungechunge olufanayo kwixesha elizayo, njengangaphambili." Ukudibana kwe-Eurasia kunye neAfrika kwenza ummandla weentaba zeBetik, igutyungelwe lulwandle kwiminyaka yezigidi ezili-10 eyadlulayo, okuseleyo kuphakanyiselwe phezulu ukuze umhlaba ugqame ngakumbi. "Zininzi iimpazamo ezincinci kunye neziphakathi kwingingqi yeVega, ezo ndawo apho amandla agxininiswe khona. Bayakwazi ukuvelisa iinyikima zobukhulu plus okanye minus 5».
Ngayiphi na imeko, “Izakhiwo zanamhlanje ziphucuke kakhulu kunangaphambili.. Zizakhiwo ezixhathisayo. I-trim okanye ukugqunywa kwe-façade kuya kuphuma. "
UJunta de Andalucía walungiselela ukujamelana neenyikima
U-Elías Bendodo, uMphathiswa we-Ofisi kaMongameli, uLawulo loLuntu kunye nezangaphakathi, uxele ngolwesiThathu ukuba ikhomishini iqhuba "ukubeka iliso ngokuqhubekayo" kwi-seismic swarms echaphazela iGranada kunye nommandla wayo we-metropolitan, xa kuyimfuneko. Isigaba sokuqala sesicwangciso saso esingalindelekanga somngcipheko wenyikima sithetha nje sikwisigaba saphambi kwexesha likaxakeka., kuba ngokweenkcukacha zeengcali, uchungechunge lweenyikima lunokwandisa ixesha elide.
Ngethuba lokutyelela kwi-112 Emergency Coordination Centre kwiphondo laseGranada, i-Bondodo nayo yatyelela i-Andalusian Institute of Geophysics kunye noThintelo lwe-Seismic Catastrophes kwaye yabona okokuqala uchungechunge lokungenelela oluhambelana nokuzamazama komhlaba okwenzeka kwingingqi yaseGranada yaseVega.
UBondodo uthe uyaluqonda "uloyiko oluqhelekileyo kunye nokungaqiniseki" kweGranadans ngamaxesha anje ngoku, kwaye wongeza ukuba "i-Andalusia ikulungele ukujongana nezi ngxaki ngenxa yokuba sineenkonzo zikaxakeka phambili kweli lizwe, siyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokungenelela kusetyenziswa imigaqo ethile ngamaxesha onke. "
Kutheni kukho iinyikima ezininzi kangaka eGranada rhoqo
Ummandla we-deformation ufikelela kumzantsi-mpuma ukuya kuLwandle lwase-Alberan, apho inyikima enkulu yenzeke ngo-2016, ishiya abantu abangaphezu kwe-20 benzakele eMelilla. Okulandelayo, qhubeka uye e-Al Houcemas e-Morocco, ekwathi yafumana inyikima enkulu ngo-2004.
Ezinye zezona nyikima zibalulekileyo kwi-Iberia Peninsula zenzeka kufuphi neGranada. Kwaba njalo ke imeko yaseArenas del Rey ngowe-1884, eyabulala abantu abangaphezu kwama-800 yaza yatshabalalisa amawaka ezakhiwo; I-Albolote, ngo-1956, kunye nokufa kwe-11, okanye i-Dúrcal, enye yeerekhodi ezinamandla kakhulu ezirekhodiweyo kwilizwe lethu, ubukhulu bayo buyi-7.8, kodwa ayizange ibangele umonakalo omkhulu njengoko yenzeke kubunzulu beekhilomitha ezingama-650.
Ngaphambi kwezi nyikima, ngowe-1431, iGranada, eyayibubukumkani bamaSilamsi ngoko, yaza yabangela umonakalo omkhulu kwiAlhambra. Inyikima yangoLwesibini ye-6,7-magnitude yayiyeyona ibalulekileyo kwiminyaka engama-4,5, kwaye kuya kufuneka ubuyele ku-40 ukuze ufumane enye i-1964 kwisikali se-Richter.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngale ngcaciso unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba kutheni kukho iinyikima ezininzi kangaka eGranada.