Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nentaba-mlilo yaseKilauea

Yonke intaba-mlilo Yenye yeentaba-mlilo ezi-5 ezenza isiqithi saseHawaii. Kuyaziwa kwihlabathi liphela ngokuba yenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo kwiplanethi. Igama layo livela kulwimi lwaseHawaii kwaye lithetha "ukuphosa" okanye "ukutshica." Eli gama libangelwa yinto yokuba yenye yeentaba-mlilo ekhupha olona daka lukhulu kunye neegesi kubomi bayo bonke.

Kule posi siza kuqhuba isifundo esinzulu malunga neempawu zentaba-mlilo kunye nohlobo lokuqhuma okwenzekileyo kwiintsuku ezidlulileyo. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into malunga nale volcano idumileyo?

Iimpawu zontaba-mlilo yaseKilauea

Yintaba-mlilo eyeyakho kwiqela leentaba-mlilo. Ihlala yenziwe phantse yonke lelava inamanzi kakhulu. Ubukhulu bayo bungaphezulu kobude bayo. Ngokukodwa, ilinganisa i-1222 yeemitha kwaye ine-caldera kwintlanganiso yayo emalunga ne-165 yeemitha ubunzulu kunye neekhilomitha ezintlanu ububanzi.

Ime kumazantsi mpuma esiqithi saseHawaii kwaye iyafana kakhulu nentaba-mlilo ekufutshane ebizwa ngokuba yiMauna Loa. Kwiminyaka emininzi oososayensi babecinga ukuba i-Kilauea yayiyindlela yokuncamathela eMauna Loa. Nangona kunjalo, ngezifundo eziphambili ngakumbi bakwazile ukufunda ukuba inegumbi layo le-magma elinabela ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-60 ubunzulu. Le ntaba-mlilo ayixhomekekanga komnye umntu ukuze yenze umsebenzi wayo.

Ngaphakathi kwindibano kwigumbi le-magma kukho isetyhula encinci emalunga neemitha ezingama-85 ubunzulu. Iyaziwa ngegama likaHalema'umaʻu. Oku kuthetha ukuba lelinye lawona maziko asebenza kakhulu kwintaba-mlilo kuso sonke isakhiwo. Ithambeka lentaba-mlilo alixinanga kakhulu kwaye ungatsho ukuba umphezulu uthe tyaba ngokupheleleyo.

Inkqubo yoqeqesho

Isizathu sokuba yenye yeentaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo kuso sonke isiqithi saseHawaii kuba ungoyena mncinane. Iintaba-mlilo zinciphisa umsebenzi wazo kule minyaka idlulileyo. Zonke iziqithi ezenza iHawaii zikwindawo eshushu kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Yintoni ebenza babaluleke kukuba ezi ntaba-mlilo azenzanga ngaphaya kwemida yeetectonic plate, ngokungafaniyo nezinye ezininzi.

Intaba-mlilo yaseKilauea yavela ngale ndlela ilandelayo. Imagma ngaphakathi eMhlabeni inyuke kancinci ukuya kwindawo apho kukho indawo eshushu. Ngalo mzuzu, ngobunzima obuninzi obuvuthayo, uqweqwe lomhlaba alunakumelana noxinzelelo kwaye lwaphuka. Oku kwaphuka kwabangela ukuba umlingo uphakamise umphezulu uze usasazeke kuyo yonke indawo.

Ngokubanzi, zonke iintaba-mlilo ezikweli qela lamakhaka ziziphumo zokuqhubeka kokuqokelelwa kwelava enamanzi kakhulu. Olu lwakhiwo alwenziwa kumcimbi weenyanga, kodwa izigidi zeminyaka kufuneka zikudlule oku kwenzekayo.

Le volcano, ekuqalekeni kwayo, yayingaphantsi kolwandle. Emva kokuqokelelwa kwemagma, inyukele phezulu malunga neminyaka eyi-100.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo. Eli lixesha elincinci lokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. I-caldera yaqala ukwenza ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo kwiminyaka nje eyi-1500 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Ke ngoko, umsebenzi wabo unzulu. I-90% yomphezulu we-caldera yenziwe yimigubasi yelava engaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-1100 ubudala. Kwelinye icala, iipesenti ezingama-70 zomhlaba we-volcano ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-600 ubudala. Le minyaka iphantsi kakhulu kwi-volcano. Ungatsho ukuba usengumntwana.

Olona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwerwala esinokulufumana kwiKilauea it is basalt kunye picrobasalt.

Ukuqhuma kweKilauea

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, yenye yeentaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo kwiplanethi kwaye ibisebenza ukusukela oko kuqhambuka kokuqala. Yenzeka malunga nonyaka we-1750. Uninzi lomsebenzi wayo wentaba-mlilo uphakathi konyaka we-1750 nowe-1924. Nangona kunjalo, lo msebenzi ubuncinci kunalowo wangaphambili. Ingathi intaba-mlilo iyaqala nje ukuqhuba. Ngo-1924 yayinogqabhuko-dubulo kwaye kude kube ngowe-1955 iye yaqhambuka nje kancinane.

Ukuqhuma okwangoku kwe-Kilauea volcano ibizwa ngokuba yiPu'u O'o kwaye yaqala kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo. Kwaqala nge-3 kaJanuwari, ngo-1983. Yayifunyanwa kukuvela kodaka olunyibilikisiweyo kwisithuba seekhilomitha ezisi-7 ubude. Njengokuba iminyaka ihambile, ibikhupha amahlumelo e-lava ngokuqhubekayo kodwa ngendlela ezolileyo.

Ukuqhuma kwangoku

Kule nyanga kaMeyi 2018, intaba-mlilo yaseKilauea yaqala ukuqhuma kogqabhuko-dubulo lwaloo mlilo Yenze iinyikima zomhlaba ezinkulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-6,9 kunye ne-5,7. Isixa esikhulu selava egxothiweyo, ukuqhubela phambili kwayo kunye nokuvulwa kwemikhosi emikhulu inyanzelise imikhosi yezokhuseleko ukuba ikhuphe abantu. Abantu abayi-1700 bagxothwa emakhayeni abo.

Udaka lutshabalalise izakhiwo ezimalunga nama-35. Phakathi kweedolophu ezichaphazeleke kakhulu sifumana iLeilani Estates kunye neLanipuna Gardens, apho udaka lwalugubungele izindlu, izitrato kwaye kwaqala imililo emincinci. Ingozi yentaba-mlilo ayisiyo-lava kuphela, kodwa ziigesi ezikhutshwayo. Uthotho lweegesi zihlala zikhutshwa ngokuqhekeka konakalisa impilo yabantu. Phakathi kweegesi ezikhutshwayo kukho isalfure dioxide, ityhefu enamandla.

Iingcali zithi ingozi yokwenene yomsantsa apho aba bantu bazifumana bekuyo Ayikuko ukugxothwa ngodaka, kodwa ziigesi ezikhutshwayo. Kukho indawo enkulu yokuqhekeka empuma, yindawo yobuthathaka. Imagma yaqala ukufuduka yaya kwelacala. Ngapha koko, ichibi lentaba lomgxobhozo lehle ngaphezulu kweemitha ezili-100 kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa.

ILava ikwanobungozi, njengoko iqhuma amatyeli aliqela. Nangona kunjalo, abantu banokubaleka ngokulula ukuhamba mlilo xa nje bengabanjiswanga. Ukusondela kakhulu kunokuba yingozi ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwerhasi.

Kule galari yezithombe uza kubona umonakalo obangelwe yi-Kilauea volcano:

Kule vidiyo ungazibonela ngokwakho ukuba lava iqhubeka njani:

Njengoko ubona, iKilauea, enye yeentaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo kwihlabathi, yenza imbali entsha kubomi babemi baseHawaii.