Izixhobo zemeteorological kunye nomsebenzi wazo

Ukuba unomdla malunga nemeteorology, ngokuqinisekileyo ucinga ngokuthenga enye yezixhobo zemozulu ezikhoyo okanye Isikhululo sezulu, yinyaniso? Zininzi iimodeli, kodwa kukho ezinye ezigqibelele ngakumbi kunabanye, kuxhomekeke ngaphezulu kwako konke kwixabiso labo. Ngapha koko, ezona zibiza kakhulu zezo zinokulinganisa ukuguquguquka kwemozulu kwaye, ke ngoko, zezona zifanelekileyo kwabo bafuna ukwazi nzulu imozulu ekhoyo kwindawo yabo, ngelixa ixabiso eliphantsi lingaphezulu kwabo bahambelana. ngokwazi ubushushu oburekhodiweyo emini kwaye mhlawumbi usazi ukufuma okukuyo.

Kuxhomekeke kwinto oyisebenzisela yona, kuya kuba lunomdla ukuyazi Zeziphi iintlobo zezixhobo zemozulu ezikhoyo kwaye yintoni umsebenzi ngamnye wazo onazo. Ke, kuya kuba lula kakhulu kuwe ukuba ukhethe eyona modeli ifanelekileyo kuwe.

Ithemometha, esinye sezixhobo zemozulu esinazo sonke 

Ukuba kuya kufuneka sikhethe esinye sezixhobo zemeteorological ngokugqwesa, sonke singathatha ithemometha. Sesona sixhobo sisetyenzisiweyo kuba enkosi sinokwazi bobuphi ubushushu oburekhodiweyo xa sijonga kubo. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ezinye ezilinganisela ubushushu obuphezulu (phakathi -31'5ºC kunye no-51'5ºC) kunye nezinye ezilinganisela ubuncinci (phakathi -44'5ºC kunye no-40'5ºC), nangona eyona ixhaphakileyo yeyokuba bobabini babonwa kwiscreen esikufutshane.

Zininzi iindidi zethemometha: igesi, ukuxhathisa, ukunyanga… kodwa imekyuri kunye nezidijithali zisetyenziswa kwimozulu

Ithemometha yeMercury

Yityhubhu yeglasi etywiniweyo enemekyuri ngaphakathi. Umthamo wayo uyatshintsha njengoko namaqondo obushushu etshintsha. Esi sixhobo saqulunqwa nguGabriel Fahrenheit ngo-1714.

Ithemometha yedijithali

Eyona mihla. Basebenzisa izixhobo ze-transducer (ezinje nge-mercury) ezisetyenziswa ziisekethi zombane ukuguqula iiyunithi ezincinci zamandla ezifumaneka kumanani. Ngele ndlela, ubushushu oburekhodiweyo buza kuvela kumboniso.

Ukulinganiswa kwemvula yemozulu

Ezi zixhobo zemozulu ilinganisa isixa samanzi esiwele kwindawo ebekwe kuyo. Imilimitha nganye imele ilitha enye, kwaye ngeentsuku apho imvula inganqumamiyo ukuhla, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyihlole rhoqo emva kwe-4-6h (kuxhomekeke kubunzulu bayo kunye nomthamo wegeyiji yethu yemvula) ukuze irekhodi lichane ngokuchanekileyo kunokwenzeka.

Iindidi zemilinganiselo yemozulu yemvula

Zimbini iintlobo zemilinganiselo yemozulu yemvula: imanyuwali kunye neetotali.

• ngezandla: zexabiso eliphantsi. Zisisikhongozeli sesilinda esenziwe ngeplastiki esihlala sihlaza ngombala ngomlinganiselo ophumeleleyo olinganiswa ngokweemilimitha.
• Iitotali: Iyonke imilinganiselo yemozulu yemvula iphucula ukuchaneka, njengoko yenziwe ngefaneli kwaye umsebenzisi orekhoda ukuwa kwamanzi rhoqo kwiiyure ezili-12.

I-Hygrometer

I-hygrometer iya kuba luncedo kakhulu ukuyazi ipesenti ukufuma xa kuthelekiswa emoyeni yintoni kwindawo yethu. Iziphumo zichazwe phakathi kwe-0 ne-100%. Eli xabiso limele ipesenti yesixa somphunga wamanzi okhoyo emoyeni.

Iindidi zeehyrameter

Ezi zixhobo zemeteorological zihlelwe ngokokuba ngaba ziyi-analog okanye yidijithali.

• Analog: ivelele ngokuchaneka kakhulu, kuba zibona utshintsho kubumanzi kwindalo esingqongileyo phantse kwangoko. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka uzilinganise, ngenxa yoko abadli ngokuthengisa kakhulu.
• yedijithaliIidijithali zichanekile nangona zincinci. Abadingi sondlo, kananjalo zilungele ukusetyenziswa kanye emva kokuthenga.

Inqaku elidibeneyo:

Yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga neehymrometer

IBarometer

I-barometer yenye ubulinganisa ubunzima bomoya ongaphezulu koqweqwe lomhlaba, Eyaziwa ngegama loxinzelelo lomoya. Eyokuqala yaqanjwa ngu-Torricelli ngo-1643 emva kokwenza uvavanyo olulula:

Into yokuqala awayenzayo kukugcwalisa ityhubhu yeglasi nge-mercury eyayivaliwe kwelinye icala, wayiguqula ngaphezulu kwebhakethi elaligcwaliswe ngemekyuri. Into enomdla kukuba, ikholamu ye-mercury yehle iisentimitha ezimbalwa, imi ngxi malunga ne-76cm (760mm) ubude. Ngenxa yoko kwavela i-millimeter ye-mercury okanye mmHg.

Kodwa kukho enye into: uxinzelelo lomoya oqhelekileyo kumgangatho wolwandle yi-760mmHg, ke Unokuba nale datha yesalathiso ukuze wazi ukuba imozulu izakulunga okanye hayi. Njani? Kulula kakhulu. Ukuba yehla kakhulu uya kwazi ukuba isaqhwithi sisondela; Ngokuchasene noko, ukuba inyuka kancinci, unokugcina isambrela kwisithuba seentsuku ezimbalwa.

Isimemitha

Ndiyabulela kwezi zixhobo zemozulu esinokuzazi isantya somoya. Ezona zisetyenziswa kakhulu zibizwa ngokuba yi-windlass. Balinganisa isantya nge-km / h.

Xa umoya 'ubetha' iglasi yomoya, iyajikeleza. Ukujika okunikwayo kufundwa yikhawuntara okanye kubhalwe ephepheni ukuba yinto yabantu.

Heliografi

I-heliograph yenye yezixhobo zemozulu ezithi ivumela ukuba silinganise ixesha lokususwa. Kuya kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe ngokobubanzi bendawo kwaye ngokwexesha lonyaka okulo, kuba ilanga liyahluka ngokuphakama njengoko unyaka uhamba.

Eyona yaziwa kakhulu yiCampbell-Stokes heliograph, equlathe iglasi yeglasi eziphatha njengelensi eguqukayo. Xa imitha yelanga idlula, irejista yamakhadi 'itshisiwe' kwaye singazazi iiyure zokukhanya kwelanga ebezikho ngaloo mini.

Inivometer

I-nivometer isetyenziselwa Linganisa inani lekhephu eliweleyo ngexesha elinikiweyo. Zimbini iintlobo: i-laser, ekufuneka iqhutyelwe emhlabeni ukuze ibhalise, kunye ne-acoustic ethi, enkosi kwi-ultrasonic wave transmitter-receiver, ayifuni kunxibelelana nekhephu.

Ngokubanzi, isikhululo sezulu sibiza kakhulu, kokukhona kuya kubanzi. Kuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni ofuna ukukunika, kungangabikho mfuneko yokuchitha imali eninzi kuba mhlawumbi ngexabiso eliphantsi uza kuhlala kuyo. Kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuba uyazi ukuba uza kufuna ukwazi ngakumbi, ungathandabuzi ukuya kuthenga enye, enokuba nexabiso eliphezulu, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ungayonwabela ngakumbi.