Ixesha esikulo namhlanje laziwa njenge Holocene. Eli lithuba lokugqibela elenza Ixesha leCenozoic kwaye oko kwaqala malunga neminyaka eli-12.000 eyadlulayo. Ngeli xesha uninzi lwenkqubela phambili yoluntu ukusukela kwisiko lokufuduka kude kube namhlanje. Ngalo lonke eli xesha izilwanyana zenze utshintsho olukhulu kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Ke ngoko, siza kuhlalutya izilwanyana ze-Holocene.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, uguquko lwe Izilwanyana ezingcwele.
Umxholo jikelele
Ukucacisa izilwanyana zeHolocene kufuneka sazise imeko esizifumana sikuyo namhlanje. Ngalo lonke elixesha sikwazile ukubona ukukhula komntu, okubandakanya onke amanqanaba obuntu okoko kwasekwa amaqela okuqala ezentlalo kunye nempucuko, uphuhliso lokubhala, uhambo lokuhlola kunye nenkqubela phambili enkulu yenkcubeko. kunye neengqondi.
Ukusukela oko umntu ebengumntu othanda ukuhambahamba kude kube namhlanje kubekho izinto ezininzi eziguqukayo. Njengoko kulindelekile umntu yinto ephambili kwimpembelelo enayo kwizilwanyana ze-Holocene. Izilwanyana zenze utshintsho olwahlukileyo oluphenjelelwe ngabantu kunye nohlengahlengiso ekuye kwafuneka bakhulise. Kwaye imeko njengoko siyazi itshintshiwe amaxesha ngamaxesha luphuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye noluntu.
Izithuba zendalo ziya ziba mbalwa kwaye ungcoliseko luyinxalenye yale ecosystem. Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo kuye kwafuneka ukuba ziqhelane neemeko ezahlukeneyo ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu kunesiqhelo. Phambi kokubakho komntu, kwabakho utshintsho kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana emhlabeni jikelele kodwa zazinexesha elide kakhulu. Zeziphi iintlobo eziguqukileyo kwaye ziya kuqhelana nobume obutsha kungadlula izigidi zeminyaka. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko sibona namhlanje, umntu uyitshintshile yonke le paradigm. Iintlobo kufuneka zivumelane nexesha nje leenkulungwane nangaphantsi nangaphantsi.
Izilwanyana zeHolocene zinamava okuphela okukhulu apho inkqubo eqhubekayo inokubonwa khona. Ayisiyiyo kuphela izilwanyana kodwa kunye neentyatyambo ezijamelene nokupheliswa komhlaba kubangelwa zizenzo zabantu. Iingcali ezininzi ziye zadwelisa le nkqubo yokupheliswa njengeyona inde kwimbali yomhlaba kweli xesha likhankanywe ngasentla. Kwaye kukuba oonobangela bokutshabalala ayizizo iinguqu kwimeko yokusingqongileyo kodwa zizenzo zomntu.
Umxholo apho sizifumana sikwi-Holocene lixesha lokuhlangana. Eli xesha liqale ekupheleni kwexesha lokuqala kokuqina kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kwikamva elikude kakhulu kuya kubakho elinye ixesha lomkhenkce.
Izilwanyana ezingcwele
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, izilwanyana azikhange zahluka kakhulu ngeli xesha kodwa kuye kwafuneka ukuba ziqhelane notshintsho oluninzi. Zonke iintlobo ezikwazileyo ukuzigcina ngokuhamba kwexesha khange zenze naluphi na utshintsho olubonakalayo okanye indaleko. Ezo ntlobo ziye zagxininiswa zaza zandiswa ixesha elide zezo zikwazile ukusinda ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo zomhlaba kunye nolwandle. Isenzo sabantu kunye nomnqweno wabo wokoyisa iplanethi yeyona nto ibeka emngciphekweni izilwanyana kunye nezityalo.
Siza kudwelisa ezo zilwanyana zazikho kwi-Holocene yokuqala kwaye esele ziphelile:
- omkhulukazi: Zifana kakhulu neendlovu esinazo namhlanje kwaye zingabosapho olunye. Olona phawu lwayo luphambili yayikukuba nesiqu esamacala aso avele ngamazinyo amakhulu. Umzimba wawugqunywe ziinwele kuba yayilulungelelwaniso ukuze ukwazi ukuhlala kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Ubungakanani be-mammoth babuguquka kwaye iifosili zezinye iindidi ezinkulu kunezindlovu ezikhoyo ziqokelelwe. Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezincinci ngobukhulu kwaye zabizwa ngokuba zii-mammoth species.
- UDodo: yayiluhlobo lweentaka ezixhaphakileyo eMauritius. Zazincinci kakhulu ngobukhulu kwaye zinobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezili-12. Inokufikelela kubude beemitha nangona ingenako ukubhabha. Inkangeleko yomzimba wakhe yayichubby. Ezinye iingcali zale ntaka ziyibiza njengomzekelo ongumfuziselo wokuphela kohlobo oluthile lwesenzo somntu. Kwaye le ntlobo ikwazile ukuhlala kwindawo yayo yokuhlala kwaye ikhule kakuhle de kufike umntu kwesi siqithi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX. Emva kokufika kwabantu kwindawo yabo yokuhlala, abantu babo bancitshiswa kakhulu de baphela.
- UMoa: lolunye uhlobo lweentaka ezihlala apho okanye eNew Zealand de kube yinkulungwane yeshumi elinesihlanu. Kulapho yaphelayo ngenxa yabantu. Ngembonakalo yayifana ncini nenciniba. Inokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-3 kunye nesiqingatha seemitha kunye nobunzima malunga ne-275 kilos. Njengoko bekulindelekile, umntu waqala ukuzingela ezi ntlobo ukuze zisetyenziswe. Uhlaselo lwabazingeli bamaMaori kwindawo yabo yokuhlala yendalo yayisesona sizathu siphambili sokuphela kwale ntlobo.
Izilwanyana ezinobundlobongela ezisengozini yokuphela
Okwangoku kukho umbutho wezizwe ngezizwe ojongene nokuvavanya iintlobo zezinto ngokobungakanani besisongelo kunye nokubanakho ukuphela kwazo. Lo mzimba waziwa njenge umanyano lwamanye amazwe lolondolozo lwendalo (IUCN). Lo mzimba useke iindidi ezahlukeneyo ngokuxhomekeke ekunciphiseni kwabemi kunye nakwimpembelelo yezinto eziphilayo. Singawafumana amacandelo asemngciphekweni, ingozi yokuphela, ingozi ebalulekileyo yokuphela, ukuphela kwezilwanyana zasendle, ukuphela, ukungasongelwa, kokukhathazeka okuncinci kwaye ngaphandle kolwazi olwaneleyo.
Okwangoku siza kudwelisa ezinye zeentlobo ezisengozini yokuphela kwaye ezaziwa kakhulu:
- I-lynx yaseIberia
- Inkamela yasendle
- I-Orangutan
- I-Asiel antelope
- Ilifu elithunyelwe ngabathunywa
- I-albatross emnyama ebrown
- Umnqophiso okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
- Tiger-tailed yolwandle
Zonke ezi ntlobo zezezilwanyana zeHolocene kwaye zisengozini yokuphela. Injalo ke inkqubo yokupheliswa kwabo ngokuthe ngcembe ukubhengezwa kokupheliswa okukhulu kwesithandathu. Into eyothusayo yeyokuba eli xesha lifutshane kakhulu kwinani elikhulu leentlobo ezitshabalalayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana zeHolocene.