Yintoni izikhukula?

Imvula yamkelekile kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kodwa xa amanzi esiwa ngamandla amakhulu okanye ixesha elide, kuza ixesha apho umhlaba okanye imijelo yamanzi eedolophu nezixeko iyeke ukukwazi ukuwufunxa.

Ewe, kuba amanzi alulwelo kwaye, ke ngoko, yinto ehamba ngayo naphina apho iya khona, ngaphandle kokuba amafu asasazeka ngokukhawuleza, asizukukhetha ngaphandle kokuthetha ngezikhukula. Kodwa, Ziintoni kwaye zibangelwa yintoni?

Bazintoni?

Izikhukula kukuhlalwa ngamanzi kwemimandla ehlala ikhululekile koku. Zizinto zendalo eziye zenzeka okoko kukho amanzi kwiplanethi yoMhlaba, ebumba amanxweme, enegalelo ekwakhiweni kwamathafa kwiintlambo zemilambo kunye namhlaba ochumileyo.

Zibangelwa yintoni?

Zingabangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo, zezi:

• Ingqele yehla: Kwenzeka xa ubushushu bomhlaba bubanda ngakumbi kunolwandle. Lo mahluko ubangela ubunzima obukhulu bomoya oshushu nobumanzi bunyuke bunyukele embindini nakumaleko aphezulu e-atmosfera, yiyo loo nto ibangela izantyalantyala zemvula kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kusenokubakho izikhukula.
  E-Spain yinto yonyaka eyenzeka ekwindla.
• Monsoon: imonono ngumoya wamaxesha onyaka oveliswa kukushenxiswa kwebhanti yeikhweyitha. Kubangelwa kukupholisa umhlaba, okukhawulezayo kunoko kwamanzi. Yiyo loo nto ehlotyeni ubushushu bomhlaba buphezulu kunobo bolwandle, obangela ukuba umoya ongaphezulu komhlaba unyuke ngokukhawuleza, ubangele uqhwithela. Njengokuba kuvuthuza umoya usuka kwii-anticyclones (indawo ezinengcinezelo ephezulu) ukuya kwiinyikima (indawo ezinengcinezelo esezantsi) ukulungelelanisa zombini zoxinzelelo, umoya onamandla uhlala uvunguza usuka elwandle. Ngenxa yoko, imvula ina ngamandla, inyusa izinga lemilambo.
• Izaqhwithi: Izaqhwithi okanye iinkanyamba zizinto zemozulu, ngaphandle kokuba zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu, yenye yezo zivumela ukuwa kwamanzi amaninzi. Ziinkqubo zesaqhwithi ezinemijikelezo evaliweyo ejikeleza kwiziko loxinzelelo oluphantsi ngelixa isitya kubushushu bolwandle, obubushushu obungu-20 degrees ngokukaCelsius.
• Umtsalane: kwiindawo apho kukho ikhephu rhoqo kwaye ukongeza kakhulu, ukwanda ngequbuliso kumaqondo obushushu kubangela ukukhukhula emilanjeni. Inokunikwa kwakhona ukuba ikhephu belinzima kwaye lingaqhelekanga, njengalezo kunqabile ukuba zenzeke kwiindawo ezinemozulu eyomileyo okanye eyomileyo.
• Amaza olwandle okanye iitsunami: ezi zinto zingunobangela wesinye isikhukula. Amaza amakhulu abangelwa yinyikima anokuhlamba unxweme, abangele iingxaki kubemi nakwizityalo nakwizilwanyana.
  Zenzeka ikakhulu kwiindawo zePasifiki nakuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, ezinento yokwenza nenyikima enkulu.

Yintoni yokuzikhusela esinayo ngokuchasene nabo?

Ukusukela ekubeni uluntu luqale ukuhlala ngakumbi, ukuhlala kufutshane nemilambo kunye neentlambo, bekuhlala kunengxaki efanayo: indlela yokuphepha izikhukula? E-Egypt, ngexesha loFaro, uMlambo umNayile unokubangela ilahleko enkulu kuma-Egypt, ke bakhawuleze bafunda ngendlela abanokuzikhusela ngayo izityalo zabo ngemijelo ehambisa amanzi kunye namadama. Kodwa okulusizi kukuba babedla ngokutshatyalaliswa ngamanzi emva kweminyaka embalwa.

Ngexesha lamaXesha Aphakathi eSpain nakumantla e-Italiya, amachibi kunye namachibi sele sele esakhiwa alawula indlela yemilambo. Kodwa bekungekabikho kude kube ngoku, kweli xesha langoku, apho kwilizwe ekuthiwa liLizwe lokuQala ngenene sinakho ukuthintela izikhukula. Amadama, izithintelo zesinyithi, ukulawula amadama, ukuphuculwa kwamandla emijelo yemilambo… Konke oku, kongezwe kuqikelelo lwemozulu oluphuhlileyo, kusivumele ukuba silawule ngcono amanzi.

Kwakhona, Kancinci akuvumelekanga ukwakha kunxweme, ezindawo ezisengozini yezikhukula. Kwaye ukuba, ukuba indawo yendalo iphelelwa zizityalo, amanzi aya kuba neendawo ezininzi ngakumbi zokutshabalalisa yonke into, ngaloo ndlela efikelela emakhaya; Kwelinye icala, ukuba ayakhiwanga, okanye ukuba, kancinci kancinci, indawo eyohlwaywe ngokuqatha ngumntu ngezityalo zemveli ibuyisiwe, umngcipheko wokuba umkhukula utshabalalise yonke into incinci.

Kwelinye icala, amazwe asaphuhlayo, iinkqubo ezinje ngothintelo, isilumkiso kunye nezenzo ezilandelayo aziphuhlanga kangako, njengoko ngelishwa kuye kwabonakala iinkqwithela ezihlasela amazwe akumazantsi mpuma Asia. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenzisana kwamazwe aphesheya kuthanda amanyathelo okwenza abemi abahlala kwiindawo ezinobungozi ukuba bakhuseleke.

Izikhukula eSpain

ESpain siye sanengxaki enkulu ngezikhukula. Ezona zinzima kwimbali yethu yamva nje zezi zilandelayo:

Umkhukula wowe-1907

NgoSeptemba 24, 1907, abantu abangama-21 baphulukana nobomi babo eMalaga ngenxa yemvula enkulu. Isitya seGuadalmedina saphuphuma, sithwele inyambalala enkulu yamanzi nodaka efike kwiimitha ezi-5 ukuphakama.

Umkhukula omkhulu waseValencia

Ngo-Okthobha u-14, 1957, abantu abangama-81 baphulukana nobomi babo ngenxa yokuphuphuma koMlambo iTuria. Kwakukho izikhukula ezibini: owokuqala wamangalisa wonke umntu, kuba eValencia kwakunzima nokuna; owesibini wafika emini ukuya kwingingqi yeCamp del Turia. Okokugqibela I-125l / m2 eqokelelweyo, 90 kubo kwimizuzu engama-40. Umlambo wayenokuhamba malunga ne-4200 m3 / s. Kwi-Begis (Castellón) i-361l / m2 yaqokelelwa.

Umkhukula wowe-1973

Nge-19 ka-Okthobha ka-1973, I-600l / m2 eqokelelweyo eZúrgena (Almería) nase-al Albuñol (eGranada). Kwakukho ukufa okuninzi; Ukongeza, oomasipala baseLa Rábita (eGranada) nasePuerto Lumbreras (Murcia) batshatyalaliswa kwaphela.

Izikhukula zaseTenerife

Ngomhla wamashumi amathathu ananye ku-Matshi 31 I-232.6l / m2 yaqokelelwa, ngamandla e-162.6l / m2 kwiyure enye, ebangele ukubhubha kwabantu abasibhozo.

Izikhukula kwiLevante

Phakathi kukaDisemba 16 no-19, 2016 uqhwithela lwaseLevante oluchaphazele abahlali baseValencian, iMurcia, iAlmería kunye neBalearic Islands lubangele ukubhubha kwabantu aba-5. Kumanqaku amaninzi ngaphezulu kwe-600l / m2 eqokelelweyo.

Izikhukula eMalaga

Nge-3 kaMatshi 2018 isaqhwithi ikhutshwe ukuya kwiilitha ezingama-100 kumanqaku kwiphondo laseMalaga, njengezibuko laseMalaga, iNtshona ne-Inland Costa del Sol, iSerranía kunye neGenal Valley. Ngethamsanqa, kwakungekho lahleko zomntu ezinokuzisola, kodwa iinkonzo zonxunguphalo ziye zanikela ingqalelo kwiziganeko ezingaphezu kwe-150 ngenxa yokuwa kwemithi nezinye izinto, kunye nokudilika komhlaba.

Ayiloxesha lokuqala into enje ukwenzeka. Ngapha koko, ezi ziganeko ngelishwa ziqheleke kakhulu. Umzekelo, ngoFebruwari 20, 2017 Iilitha ezili-140 zamanzi ezifumaneke kwimitha nganye nganye ngobusuku obunye. Amaxesha kaxakeka aye kwiziganeko ezingama-203 ngenxa yokugcwala komhlaba, ukuwa kwezinto kunye nezithuthi ezixinge endleleni.

Ingxaki kukuba eli phondo lijikelezwe ziintaba. Xa kunetha, onke amanzi aya kuwo. Abantu baseMalaga kudala becela ukuba kuthathwe amanyathelo okuthintela oku.