Ubunzima bomoya bunokuchazwa njengenxalenye enkulu yomoya enokwandiswa kweekhilomitha ezilikhulu. Inezinto ezibonakalayo ezinje ngobushushu, umxholo womswakama kunye nokuma ngokuthe nkqo kwegradient ezingaphezulu okanye ezingafaniyo. Ukusukela izihlwele zomoya Zibaluleke kakhulu kwizimo zezulu nakwimozulu, siza kulinikela eli nqaku lipheleleyo ukuze sazi iimpawu kunye namandla awo.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yonke into enxulumene nobunzima bomoya, le yiposti yakho.
Iindidi zomoya womoya
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, le nxalenye inkulu yomoya enolwandiso oluthe tyaba kunye neempawu ezithile zomzimba yile nto siyibiza ngokuba bubunzima bomoya. Bahlulwa ngokweempawu zomzimba abanazo, ngakumbi ngamaqondo obushushu. Kuxhomekeke kubushushu bobunzima bomoya Sifumana imimandla ebandayo, njengearctic nepolar, okanye efudumeleyo, njengomoya wetropiki. Kukho nezinye iindidi zokuhlelwa ngokokufuma kwazo, oko kukuthi, umxholo womphunga wamanzi. Ubunzima bomoya nge Umxholo omncinci kumphunga wamanzi ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaba welizwekazi. Kwelinye icala, abo ukuba ziza zilayishwe ngumswakama, zezolwandle, kuba zihlala zikufuphi nolwandle.
Kukho imimandla yendawo ephakathi apho sifumana khona umoya womoya ebusika nasehlotyeni kwaye zingqubana kuhlobo lwazo. Ezi ndawo zibizwa ngokuba yimida yomoya kunye nendawo ye-Intertropical Convergence.
Dynamics zomoya
Ngoku siza kuhlalutya imeko yomoya omkhulu ukuqonda okungakumbi ngayo. Kukho intshukumo kwindiza ethe tyaba yemingxuma yomoya emiswe luxinzelelo lomoya okhoyo emhlabeni. Le ntshukumo yemikhosi yomoya yaziwa njengegradient yoxinzelelo. Umoya uhlala usuka kwindawo apho kukho uxinzelelo ngakumbi ukuya apho kukho khona okuncinci. Ukujikeleza koku kukuseka ukuhamba komoya okanye ukuthambeka.
I-gradient ichazwa ngumahluko woxinzelelo esinokuwufumana. Ngaphezulu umahluko woxinzelelo kokukhona umoya ujikeleza ngamandla. Umahluko kumaxabiso oxinzelelo lwenqwelomoya ojikelezayo unoxanduva lotshintsho ekukhawuleziseni ubunzima bomoya. Olu khawulezo lubonakaliswa njengotshintsho lwenqanaba kwiyunithi ngobunzima kwaye lujolise kwii-isobars. Olu nikezelo lubizwa ngokuba ngumkhosi woxinzelelo lwegradient. Ixabiso lalo mandla liphikisana ngokulingana nokuxinana komoya kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kulungelelwaniso loxinzelelo lwegradient.
Isiphumo seCoriolis
El ukusebenza kwekorioli Kubangelwa yintshukumo ejikelezayo yoMhlaba. Kukuphambuka okuveliswa yiplanethi kubuninzi bomoya ngenxa yentshukumo yokujikeleza. Ukuphambuka okuveliswa yiplanethi kubuninzi bomoya ngenxa yentshukumo ejikelezayo yaziwa njengempembelelo yeCoriolis.
Ukuba siyayihlalutya ngokwembono yejiyometri, Kunokuthiwa ukuba umoya womoya ungathi uhamba kwinkqubo yokulungelelanisa. Ubungakanani bomkhosi weCoriolis ngobunzima beyunithi buhambelana ngokuthe ngqo kwisantya esithe tyaba esiqhutywa ngumoya ngeloxesha kunye nesantya esijikelezileyo sokujikeleza koMhlaba. Lo mandla ukwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kububanzi esikuko. Umzekelo, xa sikwi-Equator, ngobubanzi u-0, umkhosi weCoriolis urhoxisiwe ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba siya kwizibonda, kulapho sifumana khona amaxabiso aphezulu eCoriolis, kuba ububanzi bungama-90 degrees.
Kunokuthiwa amandla e-Coriolis ahlala esenza ngokungafaniyo kwicala lokuhamba komoya. Ngale ndlela, kukho ukuphambuka ekunene nanini na xa sikwi-hemisphere esemantla, kwaye ngasekhohlo ukuba sikwi-hemisphere esemazantsi.
Umoya weGeostrophic
Ngokuqinisekileyo ekuhambeni kwexesha wakhe wayiva ngamanye amaxesha okanye ezindabeni. Umoya we-geostrophic ngulo ufumaneka kwi imeko-bume yasimahla ukusuka kubude beemitha ezili-1000 kunye nokuvuthuza phantse okokungafaniyo noxinzelelo lwegradient. Ukuba ulandela umendo womoya we-geostrophic, uya kufumana uxinzelelo oluphezulu cores ngasekunene kunye ne-cores zoxinzelelo ezisezantsi ngasekhohlo kwi-hemisphere esemantla.
Ngale nto sinokubona ukuba amandla oxinzelelo lwegradient alungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo ngumkhosi weCoriolis. Kungenxa yokuba benza kwicala elinye, kodwa kwicala elahlukileyo. Isantya salo moya silingana ngokungafaniyo ne-sine of latitude. Kuthetha ukuba kwigradient efanayo yoxinzelelo enxulunyaniswa nomoya we-geostrophic, siya kubona ukuba isantya sokujikeleza sincipha njani njengoko sisiya kwiindawo eziphezulu.
Amandla eFrictional kunye ne-Ekman spiral
Siyaqhubeka nokuchaza enye into ebalulekileyo kwimimandla yomoya. Ukungqubana komoya, ngelixa ngamanye amaxesha kuthathwa njengokungakhathali, akufuneki kube njalo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukungavisisani okunomphezulu womhlaba kunesiphumo esibalulekileyo ekufudukeni kokugqibela. Ibangela ukuba isantya somoya sinciphe xa sikufutshane nomphezulu kumaxabiso angaphantsi komoya we-geostrophic. Ukongeza, ibangela ukuba idlule kwii-isobars ngokungaphaya kwicala lesithambisi soxinzelelo.
Amandla okuxubana ahlala esebenza kwicala elichaseneyo nentshukumo yomoya omkhulu. Ukuba iqondo lokuthotywa ngokubhekisele kwi-isobars liyancipha, ifuthe lokungqubana liyancipha, njengoko sikhula ukuya kubude obuthile, malunga neemitha ezili-1000. Okwangoku imimoya iyigosta kwaye amandla okuxubana phantse abekho. Njengomphumo wamandla okulwa phezu komhlaba, Umoya uthatha indlela yomoya eyaziwa njenge-Ekman Spiral.
Njengoko ubona, amandla okusebenza kwomoya kunzima kakhulu. Zininzi izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngalo kwaye ucacise ukungathandabuzeki.