Siyazi ukuba kuwo onke amacala e-atmosfera kukho kuphela izinto zomoya ojikeleze umhlaba kwi-troposphere. Inkqubo ye- iziganeko zomoya Zenzeka kwihlabathi liphela kwaye zixhomekeke kubungakanani bemitha yelanga, inqanaba lokuthambeka kwemitha yelanga, uxinzelelo lomoya, ulawulo lomoya, ubushushu kunye nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi izinto eziphambili zomoya ezikhoyo kwaye zeziphi iimpawu zazo.
Iziganeko zomoya
Izaqhwithi, iinkanyamba neenkanyamba
Ziziphazamiso eziqinileyo zemozulu, ezihamba nomoya, iindudumo nemibane kunye nemvula enkulu. Bavelisa amafu athe nkqo, oko kubizwa ngokuba ngamafu cumulonimbus. Inamanqanaba asezantsi ashushu kakhulu kwaye anomoya ofumileyo ngokwaneleyo okanye abandayo umoya ophakamileyo (ngamanye amaxesha zombini).
Imvula yenzeka xa amafu eqokelelana ukwenza amathontsi amakhulu kunye amakhulu amanzi, athi avaleke emoyeni ngumoya. Xa la mafu esiba nzima kakhulu, amanzi ayawa ngenxa yomxhuzulane kwaye aya kubangela imvula, echazwa njengokuvuza okanye imvula yamathontsi amanzi ngenxa yokuxinana komphunga wamanzi emoyeni.
Inkanyamba ihambelana nokudakumba okuncinci okanye isivunguvungu, kodwa ngamandla amakhulu, akhokelela kwi-eddy ebonakalayo ebizwa ngeChimney eyehla kwilifu elingumama lesiphango. Ngegama leNkanyamba, iNkanyamba okanye iNkanyamba, kuxhomekeke kwindawo leyo, ibizwa ngokuba liziko loxinzelelo oluphantsi kakhulu, olunemimoya enamandla kunye nemvula. Ihlala ivela phakathi kwe-8º kunye ne-15º latitude North nase Mzantsi kwaye isiya ngasentshona.
Ubukhulu beenkanyamba buyahluka ukusuka kwiimitha ezimbalwa okanye amashumi eemitha ukuya kumakhulu eemitha. Umoya oveliswe kwinkanyamba unokuba namandla kakhulu. Uxinzelelo lwehla ngokubonakalayo ukusuka ngaphandle ukuya kumbindi wesaqhwithi, kubangela ukuba umoya ojikeleze i-vortex utsalwe kwindawo yangaphakathi yoxinzelelo, apho indawo ephantsi yoxinzelelo iyanda kwaye ipholile ngokukhawuleza, ihlala Imilo yedrophu, eyila ifanele ebonakalayo ebonakalayo. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi oluphantsi lwe-vortex luza kuthatha ubutyobo, njengamasuntswana obumdaka okanye amanye amasuntswana, aya kuqhutywa nawo kwaye abhabhe endleleni yawo, esenza ukuba inkanyamba ibonakale imnyama.
Isichotho nekhephu
Isichotho siqala ngemimoya enamandla kwaye iqondo lobushushu liphantsi kakhulu, imimoya enamandla emva koko itsala amathontsi amakhulu amanzi, xa ingqele ingavelisa isichotho okanye isichotho esinokufikelela kwiisentimitha ezininzi ububanzi. Ichazwa njengemvula eqinileyo eyilwe ngamasuntswana omkhenkce angqukuva, ayingqimba okanye ebiconvex phantsi kobunzima bayo.
Xa amaqondo obushushu engaphantsi ko-0ºC, amakhekhe ekhephu aqala ukuwa. Ezi flakes zenziwe ziikristale ezincinci zomkhenkce kwaye izinga labo lokuwa liphantsi kakhulu.
Iziganeko zomoya ojikelezayo ngohlobo lwamafu
Umoya oshushu onyukela kwelona zinga liphakamileyo emoyeni uyaphola ngokuthe ngcembe njengoko unyuka, ubangela umphunga wamanzi udibane ube ngamathontsi amancinane, enze amafu.
Amafu yenye yezona zinto zixhaphakileyo zomoya kwaye zihlala zibonakala. Inkangeleko yale meko ichaphazeleka kuninzi lwezinto ze-thermodynamic, ezinxulumene ngokusisiseko nokufuma, uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu, kodwa oku akuyiphelisi inyani yokuba xa kumiselwa ukubaluleka kwayo. Le nto inqanaba elithile lokuthobela ngenxa yendalo yayo kunye nentshukumo ethe ngqo. Xa useta imigangatho yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamafu nokubonakala kwawo, ukuwajonga emhlabeni okanye ngeesathelayithi yeyona nto iphambili yomgwebo.
Zintathu iindidi eziphambili zamafu ngokwemo yawo kunye neziphumo:
- ICirrus: Ngamafu abonakala phezulu kakhulu; zibhityile, zethe-ethe, zinezakhiwo ezinemicu; zihlala zineentsiba kwaye zihlala zimhlophe.
- Amafu ecumulus: Ngamafu ahlala abonakala njengamafu ahlukeneyo, anesiseko esisicaba, kwaye ahlala ekhula ngohlobo lwendlu ethe nkqo, enesakhiwo esifana nekholifulawa, ngamafu akudala, amhlophe qa kwiindawo ezivezwe lilanga nangwevu. kumnyama emthunzini.
- Strata: Ngamafu awolulekayo okwimo yomaleko, agubungela konke, okanye indawo enkulu, yesibhakabhaka. Uhlobo lwe stratum ngokubanzi luqulathe umaleko wamafu oqhubekayo onokuthi ubonise iintanda, kodwa apho ubukho beeyunithi zamafu ngokwahlukileyo zingenakwahlulwa, oko kukuthi, ziibhanki ezifanayo zamafu azisa imvula kunye nemvula, ixhaphake kakhulu kwaye iyunifomu ulwakhiwo. I-Nimbus: (amafu asezantsi, amafu amnyama angwevu amnyama).
Ezinye izinto zomoya
I-Atmospheric phenomena ayibandakanyi imvula kuphela kunye nezinto ezinxulumene namafu. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezinye iintlobo zeziganeko zomoya:
Umnyama
Enye yezona zinto zidumileyo nezintle ezenzeka esibhakabhakeni. Zenzeka xa kunetha, xa amathontsi emvula esebenza njengezipili, esasaza ukukhanya kuwo onke amacala, ebola kwaye esenza uthotho lwemvula. Oku kwenziwa yi-arc eyenziwe yimitha yelanga ebetha ithontsi lamanzi kwaye chithachitha kwi-engile ~ 138 degrees. Ukukhanya kungena kwindawo eyehlayo, emva koko kubuyela umva, emva koko kuyiwe kwelinye icala ledrop kwaye kubonakalise umphezulu wangaphakathi, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuphindwe kukukhanya okubolileyo njengoko kuphuma kwithontsi. Umnyama uhlala uhlala iiyure ezintathu kwaye uhlala ubonwa kwelinye icala ukusuka elangeni.
IiAuroras
I-Auroras ziziganeko ezenzeka kwimimandla esondele kufutshane neepali zemagnethi yomhlaba ngenxa yokuba ziveliswa kukudibana kweepali zemagnethi yomhlaba kunye namasuntswana aqhutywa ngumoya welanga. Xa amasuntswana efikelela emhlabeni, angqubana neemolekyuli kwiatmosfera engaphezulu, ibanomdla (ionizing), inyani evelisa i-aurora eyaziwayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-hemisphere abakuyo, babizwa ngokuba yi-aororas esemantla okanye esemazantsi. Ngokwesiqhelo, i-aurora inokubonwa kuphela kwizibanzi ezingaphezulu kwama-65º (Umzekelo, iAlaska, Canada), kodwa ngexesha lamaxesha asebenzayo elanga (njengezaqhwithi zelanga), inokubonwa ukusuka kumazantsi asezantsi ajikeleze ama-40º. Ezi zinto zinokuhlala malunga neyure kwaye, ukuba ziyasebenza, zihlala ubusuku bonke.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neziganeko eziphambili zomoya ezikhoyo kunye neempawu zazo.