Kuqikelelo lwemozulu kufuneka ukuba Iisathelayithi zemozulu Ukujikeleza iplanethi yethu. Isetyenziselwa ukufumanisa kunye nohlalutyo lwazo zonke iimpawu zomoya kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezichaphazela imeko yezulu kunye neziganeko zomoya. Kukwabaluleke kakhulu kwimisebenzi yoluntu kunye nophuhliso lwabo. Kwixesha elidlulileyo ibinokubaluleka kokusebenza komkhosi kunye nokucwangciswa kwimeko ebanzi yeemeko.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu, kunye nokubaluleka kwesathelayithi zemozulu.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukujongwa komoya kunye neemeko zawo kubalulekile ukuze wazi imozulu yeplanethi. Iziphathamandla zemozulu zinegunya lokujonga, ukufumanisa nokurekhoda zonke iingqikelelo zemozulu. Iziphumo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neempawu zisetyenziselwa izifundo ezahlukeneyo zemozulu. Ezinye zazo zinemida ethile njengesixa semitha yelanga. Umzekelo, kukho izathelayithi zeMeteorological ezisebenza ngemitha ye-infrared kwaye ezingadingi kukhanya kwelanga ukuze zisebenze. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna idatha echanekileyo ngakumbi okanye isikali sexesha lokwenyani, kuya kufuneka usebenzise ukusasazeka okubanzi kwangoko.
Ukusetyenziswa kweesathelayithi zemozulu Kwaqala emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi. Kuthathe iminyaka eli-10 ukumilisela isathelayithi yokuqala ukusukela ngo-1947, kuba yayiqhubeka ngokufunda kunye nophando. Umbono wakhawuleza wavela njengendlela yokuchaza imicimbi yemozulu ukunceda imeko zasemkhosini. Okwangoku, kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukileyo zokuchonga kwaye yonke into esetyenzisiweyo isetyenziswa ukusuka kwi-ultraviolet ukuya kwii-microwaves, ngombono obonakalayo ebantwini nakwimaza kanomathotholo.
Imiqathango yokusetyenziswa kweesathelayithi zemozulu
Ukufezekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo kwesathelayithi zemozulu, kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane neemeko ezithile, ezinje ngezi zilandelayo:
- Ukuba kwindawo kude ngokwaneleyo ukuvumela ukugubungela yonke indawo apho ufuna ukwenza uqikelelo. Umhlaba wombono uyafuneka ovumela ukubonwa kobunzima bamafu kunye nazo zonke iimpawu zomhlaba. Oku kusebenza ukuseka iziphumo ezinokubangelwa ziziganeko zemozulu ezinokubangela umhlaba emhlabeni.
- Ukufuduswa kwesathelayithi kufuneka kucwangciswe ngendlela yokuba Intsimi yakho yombono ibonakala rhoqo kwiiyure ezili-12. Kukulungele ukuhamba kabini ngaphezulu kwenkqubo efanayo yelifu ukuze ukwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo ukuphazamiseka komoya okuhambelana nenkqubo yelifu.
- Isantya sokufuduka kwesathelayithi kufuneka sibenjalo ukuze sivumele indawo echanekileyo yazo zonke iinkqubo zefu eziphantsi kophononongo ngokubhekisele kwiindawo zomhlaba apho zichaphazela khona.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo phantse zonke iinkqwithela ziya ngasempuma ukusuka entshona. Ngesi sizathu, iisathelayithi zemozulu kufuneka zinecandelo lokuhamba ngasentshona. Sithetha ngentshona ngokubhekisele kumphezulu womhlaba. Ngale ndlela, iyakwazi ukubona ukuphazamiseka komoya okunokubonakala kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yelifu ehlalutywayo.
- Umphezulu womhlaba wonke kufuneka ugqunywe kube kanye ngemini. Ndiyabulela koku, unokuba nembono ye-panoramic yayo yonke imeko-bume yomhlaba.
Yonke imiqathango esiyibekileyo iyadibana njengoko ibibekiwe Iisathelayithi kwi-2.01 yerediyo yomhlaba. Kufuneka ihlale ibalwa ukusuka embindini woMhlaba kunye nexesha lokujikeleza malunga neeyure ezi-4 ezichanekileyo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweesathelayithi zemozulu
Siza kubona ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwedatha enokuqokelelwa ziisathelayithi zemozulu. Siyazi ukuba ukusukela ngo-1966, umphezulu womhlaba wethu ufotwa ngokuqhubekayo, ubuncinci kube kanye ngemini. Ayizizo zonke iifoto ezisetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha lokwenyani, kodwa zigciniwe ukwenza amanani-manani kunye nophando kwicandelo lemozulu. Njengoko sisazi, iklimatology yinzululwazi efunda zonke iimeko zemozulu kunye neatmosferi kwinqanaba lejoloji. Ngamanye amagama, kunokutshiwo ukuba iklimatology sisiphumo sazo zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Olu lwazi lufunyenwe ngenxa yesathelayithi zemozulu ziluncedo kakhulu kwiimeko ezininzi. Makhe sibone imizekelo yayo:
- Kwiplanethi yoMhlaba kukho imimandla eyahlukeneyo emikhulu apho ulwazi lufumaneka khona ngenxa yeendlela eziqhelekileyo ezinje entlango, kwimimandla polar kunye expanses yolwandle yamantla kunye namazantsi e-hemispheres apho abantu bengenakufunda khona kwi-situ. Ndiyabulela kolu hlobo lwetekhnoloji esinokuthi silufumane ulwazi malunga nezi ndawo ngaphandle kokungena kuzo.
- Elinye lamatyala apho ulwazi olufunyenwe ngeesatellite zemozulu lube luncedo kakhulu Indawo kunye nokubeka iliso kwiinkanyamba, iinkanyamba neenkqwithela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana ulwazi malunga nokuziphatha kwezi ziganeko zemozulu ezigwenxa ukuze sikwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko aphezulu kunye nokuthintela iintlekele ezinokubakho.
Idatha ebonelelwe ziziphathamandla zemozulu zinokusetyenziselwa ukufumana iitshathi zobushushu bomhlaba wolwandle. Iqondo lobushushu kumphezulu wolwandle yinto eyahlukileyo ebalulekileyo kuba yeyona nto imiselweyo yokuhamba kwemisinga yolwandle. Olu lwazi alusebenzisi kuphela imozulu, kodwa kunye nokuhamba kunye nokuloba.
Iindlela zokufumana ulwazi
Inkqubo ekuphela kwayo ekwaziyo ukufumana ukugquma okupheleleyo kobushushu bomoya kunye nokuphakama okwahlukileyo ziziphathamandla zemozulu. Ukuphehlelelwa kwesatellite yemeteorological kufuna isiphekepheke. Uncedo lokuba shutle izithuthi zasemajukujukwini Iyakusetyenziswa njengendlela yokufumana ulwazi kwiilebhu ixesha elininzi kunelo leenqwelomoya. Enkosi kolu hlobo lwesithuthi unokufumana ulwazi kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ulawulo lobushushu kuzo zonke iindawo zomoya kunye nomphezulu womhlaba.
- Unxibelelwano lwangaphandle nolwangaphakathi.
- Ukulungiswa kwedatha yasemoyeni.
- Ukulawulwa kozinzo kunye nokuhamba kweenqwelomoya zombini kunye nezomkhosi.
- Impembelelo yemitha yelanga kwindalo yethu.
- Ngeenkwenkwezi.
- Iplasma physics
- Ukuqwalaselwa kwendalo
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neesatellite zemozulu kunye nendlela abasebenza ngayo.