Las izaqhwithi zelanga zizinto ezenzeka rhoqo elangeni amaxesha ngamaxesha. Zidla ngokuba ngamaxesha athile kwaye zinokusichaphazela kakubi isijikelezi-langa sethu. Zifunyanwa zizazinzulu kwaye kunzima ukuzibala.
Ngoko ke, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela yonke into oyifunayo ukuba uyazi malunga neziphepho zelanga, yintoni imvelaphi yazo kunye nemiphumo enokwenzeka.
Ziziphi iziphango zelanga
Izaqhwithi zelanga zizinto ezenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi welanga. Nangona le nkwenkwezi ikude nesijikelezi-langa sethu, ilanga nemisebenzi yalo iphazamisana nemagnethi yomhlaba. Kukho abantu abaninzi abakholelwa ukuba iziphepho zelanga aziyi kubangela umonakalo wangempela, nangona kwezinye iimeko kuye kwafakazelwa ukuba ziyakwazi. Ezi ziganeko zisisiphumo sokuvutha kwelanga kunye ne-coronal mass ejections. Ezi ntaba-mlilo zivelisa umoya welanga kunye nogqabhuko-dubulo lwamasuntswana olunabela kwisijikelezi-langa sethu.
Nje ukuba ingene kwintsimi yamagnetic yomhlaba, iya kuvelisa isaqhwithi se-geomagnetic esiya kuhlala iintsuku ezininzi. Kwizaqhwithi zelanga, sinomsebenzi wamagnetic kumphezulu welanga, obangela amabala elanga. Ukuba la mabala elanga makhulu, aya kubangela amadangatye elanga. Yonke le misebenzi idla ngokugcwala sisifuba esivela elangeni. Xa le plasma ikhutshwa, into yesibini eyaziwa ngokuba yi-coronal mass ejections iyenzeka.
Ngenxa yomgama ophakathi komhlaba nelanga, kudla ngokuthatha malunga neentsuku ezi-3 ukuba amasuntswana afike. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba kutheni ubona izibane zaseMantla. Ilanga linomjikelo weminyaka eyi-11 kwaye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba eyona ncopho inkulu kwimisebenzi yelanga yayingowama-2013. Esinye sezona zaqhwithi zelanga ezibi kakhulu kwirekhodi senzeka ngowe-1859 yaye saziwa ngesiganeko saseCarrington. Esi saqhwithi selanga sibangele iingxaki ezinzulu zombane wombane emhlabeni. Izibane zaseMantla zinokubonwa kwiindawo ezingenako ukudweliswa ngokwesiqhelo. Kukwakho iingxaki ezinkulu ngezixhobo ze-electromagnetic.
Ezinye izaqhwithi zelanga ezishushu zenzeke ngowe-1958, ngo-1989, nangowama-2000. Impembelelo yesiphango yayincinci, kodwa kwakukho ukucima kombane kunye nomonakalo kwisathelayithi.
Umvelaphi
Izaqhwithi zelanga ziquka ukuqhuma okunobundlobongela kweplasma kunye namasuntswana ahlawulweyo, abizwa ngokuba yi-flare kwaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, i-coronal mass ejections. Xa umjikelo welanga ufikelela kumsebenzi wawo omkhulu, isiqhwithi selanga senzeke. Oko kukuthi, xa umsebenzi wamagnetic welanga uba namandla kwaye uqala ukuhla. Ukukhutshwa kwe-Coronal mass ejection ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka emva kwe-electrocautery, Kodwa akusoloko kunje. Kukho umsebenzi omkhulu welanga rhoqo emva kweminyaka eyi-11. Ixesha lokugqibela laqala ekupheleni kwe-2012 kwaye lahlala kwada kwa-2013.
Umsebenzi wemagnethi welanga ubangela ukuba kube nesangqa seplasma kumphezulu walo. Xa umsebenzi wemagnethi womelele, kukho imisesane emininzi engqubana enye kwenye, ibangela ugqabhuko-dubulo olukhulu lweplasma. Bafikelela kumaqondo obushushu angamashumi ezigidi zamadigri.
Iziphumo ezinokwenzeka
Ukuba le nto inkulu, inokuphazamisa umbane emhlabeni. Enye yeziphumo ezibi kakhulu enokuthi ibe nazo kukuba iya kucima umbane kwihlabathi jikelele. Zonke iintambo kufuneka zitshintshwe ukuze ziphinde zilayite. Ikwachaphazela kakhulu unxibelelwano kunye neesathelayithi. Asinakukhanyela ukuba uluntu lusekelwe ikakhulu kwiisathelayithi. Namhlanje sisebenzisa iisathelayithi kuyo yonke into. Nangona kunjalo, izaqhwithi zelanga zinokutshabalalisa okanye zibangele ukuba iisathelayithi ziyeke ukusebenza.
Isenokuchaphazela oosomajukujuku abenza izifundo ezahlukeneyo emajukujukwini. Izaqhwithi zelanga zikhupha imitha emininzi. Imitha iyingozi kwimpilo yethu. Inokubangela umhlaza kunye neengxaki kwinzala. Ingxaki ngemitha kukuvezwa kwayo kunye nobungakanani bayo. Ngenxa yeemveliso zombane neze-elektroniki, wonke umntu ungaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kumlinganiselo othile wemitha. Nangona kunjalo, nabani na oye wachanabeka kwimithamo emikhulu yemitha ixesha elide kunokwenzeka ukuba aphuhlise ezinye zezi zifo.
Izilwanyana ezininzi ziyayiva utshintsho kwimagnethi yomhlaba, ngoko izaqhwithi zelanga zinokuziphazamisa. Iintaka kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezifudukayo zikhokelwa yimagnethi yomhlaba zinokuphulukana nendlela yazo okanye zife, kubeka emngciphekweni ukusinda kweentlobo.
Omnye umngcipheko wale nto kukuba unokushiya ilizwe lonke ngaphandle kombane iinyanga. Oku kuya kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kuqoqosho lukarhulumente kwaye kungathatha iminyaka eliqela ukubuyela kumanqanaba akhoyo. Sele sixhomekeke kakhulu kubuchwephesha kangangokuba uqoqosho lwethu luphela lujikeleza kubo.
Umonakalo wesaqhwithi elanga kuMhlaba
Ekubeni ngoku siye sabona izaqhwithi zelanga ezinokuphazamisa unxibelelwano kunye neegridi zombane zize zibangele umbane ucinywe, kunokuthiwa namhlanje siye sagagana nesaqhwithi esifana neso senzeka ngowe-1859, yaye ubomi buya kuba ngumqobo ngokupheleleyo. Ngexesha leStorm Carrington, izibane zaseMantla zarekhodwa eCuba nase-Honolulu, ngelixa i-aurora yasezantsi ibonakala eSantiago de Chile.
Kuthiwa ukukhanya kokusa kukhulu kangangokuba unokufunda iphephandaba xa kuthi qheke ukusa. Nangona iingxelo ezininzi zeStorm Carrington zisafuna ukwazi, ukuba into enje iyenzeka namhlanje, isiseko sobuchwephesha obuphezulu sinokuma. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, abantu bathembele ngokupheleleyo kubuchwephesha. Uqoqosho lwethu lunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nalo. Ukuba iteknoloji iyayeka ukusebenza, uqoqosho luya kudodobala.
Ezinye iingcali zithi ukuphazamiseka kombane okunamandla njengesixhobo socingo esonakalisayo ngoku kuya kuba yingozi ngakumbi. Izaqhwithi zelanga zohlulwe zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu, kodwa ayizizo zonke izigaba ekufuneka zenzeke kwisiphango. Eyokuqala kukubonakala kwamadangatye elanga. Kulapho ii-X-reyi kunye ne-ultraviolet imitha ye-ionize emoyeni ongaphezulu. Le yindlela okwenzeka ngayo uphazamiseko kunxibelelwano lukanomathotholo.
Izaqhwithi zemitha zisemva kwexesha kwaye zinokuba yingozi kakhulu koosomajukujuku abasesithubeni. Ekugqibeleni, inqanaba lesithathu linqanaba apho umgangatho we-corona unokukhethwa khona, elilifu lamasuntswana ahlawulisiweyo, elinokuthatha iintsuku eziliqela ukufikelela kwi-atmosfera yomhlaba. Xa ndibetha umoya onke amasuntswana elanga aya kusebenzisana nemagnethi yomhlaba. Oku kubangela ukuguquguquka okunamandla kwe-electromagnetic. Kukho inkxalabo malunga neziphumo ezinokuthi zibe nazo kwi-GPS, kwiifowuni zangoku, iinqwelomoya kunye neemoto.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neziphepho zelanga kunye neempawu zazo.