Ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nokwanda kwamaqondo obushushu behlabathi sinotshintsho olwahlukileyo kwi-atmospheric kunye neepateni zaselwandle. Kule meko, ulwandle lweAtlantiki lulumkisa ngotshintsho oluqhubekayo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu. I izaqhwithi kwiAtlantiki bayanda kwaye kunye nabo ukubunjwa kwezaqhwithi kunye nemimoya yenkanyamba.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi na ezibangela ukwanda kwezaqhwithi e-Atlantiki kwaye zithini iziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki oluya lukhula kakhulu.
Izaqhwithi kwiAtlantiki
ULwandle lweAtlantiki luyalumkisa. Esi sisishwankathelo sotshintsho kwi-atmospheric dynamics ebonwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje echaphazela umntla weMacaronesia, ummandla oquka iAzores, iCanary Islands, iMadeira kunye neziqithi eziyintlango, kunye nomzantsi-ntshona wePeninsula yase-Iberia. Yonke into yalatha kwimozulu yale ngingqi eguqukayo.
Ukusukela ekufikeni kwembali ngo-2005 yesitshingitshane seDelta ukuya kwiZiqithi zaseCanary, inani lezitshingitshane ezidlula kule mimandla. iye yanda kakhulu kule minyaka ili-15 idlulileyo. Ezi zitshingitshane ziindawo ezinoxinzelelo lwemozulu oluphantsi kwaye azibonisi kuziphatha kwezaqhwithi zobude obuphakathi okanye izaqhwithi eziphuma kwamanye amazwe esiziqhelileyo kweli candelo leplanethi. Endaweni yoko, babonisa iimpawu ezifanayo kakhulu nezitshingitshane zetropiki eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela iCaribbean kwelinye icala leAtlantiki.
Ngapha koko, ezi ziganeko ziye zifane kakhulu nezaqhwithi zetropiki ngokwesakhiwo kunye nendalo. Kangangokuba iZiko leNkanyamba leSizwe lase-US liye landisa uphando kunye nokubeka iliso kwindawo yethu yamanzi kwiminyaka yamuva nje, kwaye yabiza iqela elingenakuqwalaselwa kwezi zinto.
Ukwanda kwezaqhwithi kwiAtlantiki
I-anomaly ekhankanywe ngasentla inyukile kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo. Sineminye imizekelo ephawulekayo:
- INkanyamba uAlex (2016) Yenzeka kumazantsi eAzores, malunga ne-1.000 km ukusuka kwiZiqithi zaseCanary. Ngomoya ophakamileyo ozinzileyo weekhilomitha ezili-140 ngeyure, ifikelela kwimo yenkanyamba kunye neeseyile ngendlela engaqhelekanga ngaphesheya kweNorth Atlantic. Yaba yinkanyamba yokuqala ukuvela ngoJanuwari ukusukela ngo-1938.
- INkanyamba uOphelia (2017), iSaffir-Simpson yokuqala yodidi lwe-3 yenkanyamba kwimpuma yeAtlantiki ukususela ekubeni iirekhodi zaqala (1851). U-Ophelia uphumelele imimoya ezinzileyo engaphezulu kwe-170 yeekhilomitha ngeyure.
- INkanyamba Leslie (2018), inkanyamba yokuqala ukufika kufutshane nonxweme olungasingasiqithi (iikhilomitha ezili-100). Yabetha iPortugal ngonyezi imimoya efikelela kwi-190 yeekhilomitha ngeyure.
- INkanyamba uPablo (2019), eyona nkanyamba ikufutshane kweyakhe yavela eYurophu.
- Njengomsinga wayo wokugqibela ophezulu, iTropical Storm Theta isoyikise iZiqithi zaseCanary, iikhilomitha nje ezingama-300 ukusuka ekuchaphazeleni iziqithi ngokupheleleyo.
Ukongeza kwezi meko, kukho uluhlu olude oluhamba nazo njengoko zingaqhelekanga kakhulu kwaye zichaphazela iindawo ezikhankanywe ngasentla. Ngale ndlela, i-frequency inyuke ukuya kube kanye ngonyaka kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, kwaye nangaphezulu kweyodwa kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo. Phambi kowama-2005, ubuxhakaxhaka bebuyinto enye rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu okanye emine, ngaphandle kokubonisa ingozi enkulu yempembelelo.
I-Anomalies kwisizini ka-2020
Oku kunqaba kuhambelana nokwenzeka ngexesha lenkanyamba ukusuka ngoJuni ukuya kuNovemba walo nyaka. Uqikelelo sele lukhomba kwixesha elisebenza kakhulu elifikelela kwincopho yezitshingitshane ezingama-30, ingxelo eyinyani. Oko kuthetha ukuba bathiywa ngamagama kusetyenziswa ialfabhethi yesiGrike, ngaphaya kwexesha lembali lika-2005.
Kwelinye icala, ixesha lonyaka likwaphawulwa zizivunguvungu ezinkulu ezisebenzayo zoDidi 3 okanye ngaphezulu. Enyanisweni, idibanisa namaxesha amane okuqala okwesihlandlo sokuqala ukususela oko iirekhodi zaqala (1851) ukuba ubuncinci uDidi 5 lwenkanyamba lwenze kwiisizini ezintlanu ezilandelelanayo. Le yokugqibela ihambelana kakhulu neengqikelelo zokutshintsha kwemozulu, ezona ziqhwithi zinamandla ngokulinganayo kwaye zihlala zihlala.
Izifundo zokutshintsha kwemozulu
Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ukwanda kwezaqhwithi kwi-Atlantiki kunye ne-tropicalization yale nxalenye yehlabathi kunento yokwenza nemiphumo yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Impendulo nguewe, kodwa uphando oluninzi luyafuneka.. Kwelinye icala, kufuneka sazi ubudlelwane kunye neziganeko eziqatshelweyo, kwaye eSpain asikabi naso isakhono sobuchule sokwenza olu hlobo lwezifundo zenkcazo yokusebenza ezenziwa kwamanye amazwe. Into esinokuyiseka bubudlelwane obusekwe kwizifundo zoqikelelo lwemeko yemozulu yexesha elizayo ecinga ukuba ezi ziganeko zenzeka rhoqo kwiindawo zethu.
Kulapho sinokwakha khona ubudlelwane, nangona uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ukuchonga nokuphucula ngakumbi ezona ziganeko zexesha elizayo ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukucwangciswa kokulungelelaniswa notshintsho lwemozulu olulindelekileyo. Nangona kuyinyani ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba Ungaze ufikelele kumandla aphezulu njengodidi lwesi-3 okanye ngaphezuluIzivunguvungu kunye nezaqhwithi ezincinci zetropiki nazo ziyinkxalabo ethile ngenxa yempembelelo yazo enkulu kunxweme lwase-US kwaye kufuneka yongezwe ukuba eSpain asizange siyilungiselele ngokupheleleyo le nto.
Olunye uphawu ekufuneka luqwalaselwe kukuba babonisa ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kuqikelelo lwabo. Ngokungafaniyo neendawo ezitshisayo, apho iindlela zenkanyamba ziphenjelelwa zizinto ezinokuqikelelwa ngakumbi, njengoko ezi zitshingitshane ziqala ukusondela kumbindi-zibanzi wethu, ziqala ukuphenjelelwa zizinto ezinokuqikelelwa kancinci, zinyusa ukungaqiniseki. Enye inkalo ebalulekileyo amandla empembelelo enkulu xa ziqala ukuguqukela kwizaqhwithi zobude obuphakathi, inguqu eyaziwa ngokuba yi-extratropical transition, enokubangela ukuba bandise uluhlu lwabo.
Okokugqibela, kubalulekile ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukungaqiniseki okunokwenzeka kwiindlela ezihambelana nalo mkhwa sithetha ngawo. Ngelixa zonke ezi nguqu zisoloko ziqwalaselwa ngokubhekisele kwiirekhodi zembali ukusuka kwi-1851, enyanisweni ivela kwi-1966 ukuba ezi rekhodi. inokuthi ithathwe njengeqinile kwaye inokuthelekiseka njengaleyo yexesha lethu langoku, ngokuba oko kukuqala kwento enokwenzeka. Ziqwalasele ngeesathelayithi. Ke ngoko, oku kufuneka kuhlale kukhunjulwe xa kuhlalutywa iindlela ezibonwa kwizitshingitshane zetropikhi kunye nezaqhwithi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nezizathu zokunyuka kweziphepho e-Atlantiki.