Njengoko unokulindela, njengokuba kukho isikali sokulinganisa iinkanyamba kunye neenyikima, kukwakho isikali sokulinganisa ubukhulu benkanyamba. Eli nqanaba laziwa njenge Isikali seFujita. Sisikali esimele amanqanaba okuqina kunye namandla okwenza umonakalo kwiinkanyamba.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu kunye nokubaluleka kwesikali seFujita.
Yintoni inkanyamba
Okokuqala, kufuneka sazi ukuba yintoni inkanyamba kwaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo. Inkanyamba bubunzima bomoya obenza nge-velocity ephezulu ye-angular. Iziphelo zesaqhwithi zibekwe phakathi umphezulu woMhlaba kunye nelifu le-cumulonimbus. Yimeko yomoya ojikelezayo kunye nesixa esikhulu samandla, nangona zihlala zihlala ixesha elincinci.
Izaqhwithi ezenziweyo zinokuba nobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neemilo kunye nexesha elihlala lihlala lijikeleza phakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa nangaphezulu kweyure. Elona qhwithela laziwa kakhulu yile ifanele yefaneli, Isiphelo esincinci sichukumisa umhlaba kwaye sihlala sijikelezwe lilifu elirhuqa lonke uthuli kunye nenkunkuma ejikeleze lona.
Isantya ezinokufikelela kuzo iinkanyamba ziphakathi I-65 kunye ne-180 km / h kwaye inokuba ziimitha ezingama-75 ububanzi. Iinkanyamba azihlali nzulu apho zenziwe khona, kodwa zihamba zijikeleze intsimi. Ngokwesiqhelo bahamba iikhilomitha ezininzi ngaphambi kokunyamalala.
Okona kugqithisileyo kunokuba nemimoya ngesantya esinokujikeleza ngo-450 km / h okanye nangaphezulu, ukulinganisa ukuya kwi-2 yeekhilomitha ububanzi kwaye uhlale uchukumisa umhlaba ngaphezulu kwe-100 km.
Isikali seFujita
Nje ukuba sazi ukuba siyintoni isiphepho, siyabona ukuba isikali seFujita sisetyenziselwa ukuqikelela ubungakanani benkanyamba. Sisikali esinoxanduva lokuhlela iinkanyamba ngokubhekisele kubukrakra ngokusekwe kumonakalo abanokuthi bawenze. Eli nqanaba lenziwa ngo-1971 ngumphandi wase-North America u-Tetsuya Theodore Fujita, ugqirha wemozulu esebenzisana no-Allan Pearson, iZiko loQikelelo lweNkqwithela (uqikelelo lwesiphango) e-United States. Yamkelwa kwangoko luluntu lwenzululwazi kunye nemozulu.
Isikali seFujita sizama ukuseka amandla omoya kunye namandla okwenza umonakalo. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iingongoma ezahlukeneyo esi sikali senkanyamba esinazo:
- Amandla omoya F0: Yinxalenye yesikali esichaza ubukho bezantya zomoya phakathi kwe-60-120km / h. Nanku umonakalo oqwalaselweyo kukwaphuka kwamasebe, ukushenxiswa kweempawu zendlela, ii-eriyali zikamabonwakude ezijijekileyo, njl. Ziyimonakalo emincinci engabangeli iingxaki ezinzulu.
- Amandla omoya F1: Ngumoya olinganiselweyo onesantya esiphakathi kwe-120-180 km / h. Ukubangela ukonakala njengokuphula iithayile zaphantsi, iitreyila eziguqulweyo, iimoto ezaphukileyo, njl.
- Amandla omoya F2: Le yimimoya enesantya esiphakathi kwe-180 ne-250 km / h. Ngesi santya somoya, siyabona ukuba umonakalo owenzekayo kukwaphuka kweendonga kunye nophahla lwezakhiwo.
- Amandla omoya F3: bubunzulu obuthatha imimoya ngesantya esiphakathi kwama-250 nama-330 km / h. Ngesi santya somoya, siyabona ukuba kukho umonakalo onokubonwa, njengokuqhekeka ngokupheleleyo kweendonga kunye nophahla lwezindlu, amahlathi asikwe ngokupheleleyo, njl. Kwezi meko, sinokubona iindonga nophahla lwezindlu zibhabha ngenxa yesantya somoya omkhulu.
- Amandla omoya F4: ingqamana nesantya somoya esiphakathi kwama-330 ukuya kuma-420 km / h. Apha sibona umonakalo oveliswe ngokungxamisekileyo njengezakhiwo ngaphandle kweziseko kunye nezithuthi ezibhukuqwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuqina kwezi blair zeenkanyamba kuyakhathaza kuba kuthatha ubomi bomntu.
- Amandla omoya F5: ingqamana nemimoya egqithileyo ngamaxabiso aqala kwi-420 ukuya kwi-510 km / h. Umonakalo obangelwe kukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwezakhiwo, oololiwe abafudukayo, njl. Elona nqanaba liphezulu kwinqanaba leFujita kunye neyona nto ikhathaza kakhulu.
Imiba yesikali seFujita
Eminye imiba yesi sikali senkanyamba kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, njengokungaqwalaseli umgangatho wolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo ezonakeleyo. Emva kwento ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo kuba zininzi izakhiwo ezinesezantsi kuba zindala okanye zakhiwe ngezinto ezingabizi. Kwezi meko, ubunzima benkanyamba abunakulinganiswa njengomsebenzi wamandla okutshatyalaliswa ngokuchaneka okufanayo.
Kukho izifundo ezininzi eziye zabonisa oko Isikali seFujita sigqithisa kwisantya somoya iindidi 3, F4 kunye neF5. Kungenxa yokuba umgangatho wezinto ekwakhiwe kuzo izakhiwo ngexesha lenkanyamba azithathelwa ngqalelo. Ke ngoko, kukho inguqulelo ephuculweyo yesi sikali eyadalwa yiNkonzo yeSizwe yeMozulu yeSizwe ngo-2006 kwaye ngoku isekwe kwizalathi zomonakalo ezingama-28, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iintlobo zezakhiwo okanye izakhiwo. Ukuphuculwa kweFijita Scale okanye i-EF (Enhance Fujita) sisikali sokulinganisa amandla enkanyamba ngenxa yomonakalo obangelwe. Isetyenzisiwe e-United States ukusukela ngehlobo lowe-2007.
Ukuphuculwa kwenqanaba
Masibone ukuba ngawaphi amanqaku ahlukeneyo ahlalutyiweyo kwinqanaba lokuphuculwa kweFujita:
- EF0 : Uphahla olususwe ngokuyinxenye (iithayile, iithayile), iigatha, iitshimini kunye necala elonakeleyo.
- EF1 : Iindawo zophahla zisuswe ngokupheleleyo, iingcango zangaphandle zisusiwe, iifestile zaphukile.
- EF2 : Uphahla oluvuthukileyo ezindlwini eziqinileyo, izindlu zitshatyalaliswe ngokupheleleyo, imithi emikhulu yaphukile okanye yancothulwa.
- EF3: Imigangatho yezindlu ezomeleleyo ezitshatyalalisiweyo, ukubhukuqa koololiwe, ukukhonkotha imithi, ukuphakamisa iimoto.
- EF4 -Izindlu ezakhiwe kakuhle kunye neemoto ezivuthukileyo, izinto ezininzi zijika zibe yimijukujelwa.
- EF5: Izindlu eziqinileyo zikhukulisiwe kwaye izinto ezinobungakanani bemoto ziyafunxwa emoyeni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nesikali seFujita kunye neempawu zayo.