Kwiplanethi yethu kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemvula ngokuxhomekeke kwifom, imvelaphi kunye neziphumo. Enye yazo yi isaqhwithi setropiki. Inkqubo yemozulu yoxinzelelo oluphantsi yaziwa njengesaqhwithi setropiki apho imimoya ijikeleza kumbindi we-axis kwaye iqulethe ukujikeleza okuvaliweyo. Oku kuyenza ibe buhlungu kakhulu into yokubambezeleka ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ekufuneka uyazi ngesiqhwithi setropiki, iimpawu zayo, imvelaphi kunye neziphumo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Xa sithetha ngesiqhwithi setropiki, sibhekisa kwinkqubo yemozulu apho uxinzelelo oluphambili lubalasele khona. Imimoya inamandla kwaye ijikeleza kumbindi we-axis ngaphakathi ekujikelezeni okuvaliweyo. Ke, Zonke ezi nkqwithela zifumana amandla kumoya ofumileyo kwindawo eshushu. Undoqo wezi nkqwithela ufudumele kwaye uvelisa uxinzelelo olusezantsi kuba umoya oshushu uhlala unyuka ushiya indawo kumbindi womoya. Oku kwehla koxinzelelo kubangela ukuphumla komoya ojikelezileyo "ukugcwalisa" isithuba esishiywe ngumoya oshushu.
Konke oku kubangela ukuhamba komoya ovelisa isaqhwithi setropiki. Izaqhwithi zifumana amandla xa kufuma umoya ofumileyo kwaye zihlala zibonakaliswa zizantyalantyala zemvula nomoya onamandla. Ukuqina kunye nenqanaba lokutshatyalaliswa kwale mimoya iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumanqanaba amandla anawo. Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke kubunzulu bayo, iindawo ezinesitshingitshane kwiitropiki zahlulwe kwisaqhwithi somoya kunye neenkqwithela okanye iinkanyamba. Ezinye zezaqhwithi zaseTropiki zihlala zikhona zinkulu kangangokuba zinokubonwa zivela kumoya ongaphandle weplanethi. Oko kukuthi, oosomajukujuku banokubona ezinye izivunguvungu zetropiki ezivela kwisiphekepheke.
Iintlobo zesaqhwithi setropiki
Zombini isaqhwithi setropiki luhlobo lwenkanyamba yetropiki, kukho iintlobo ezithile zenkanyamba ezithi zenzeke, njengoko igama labo libonisa, kwiitropiki. Izaqhwithi neenkanyamba ziwela kolu luhlu. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesaqhwithi setropiki ezikhoyo:
- Iinkanyamba ezingaphaya komhlaba: Zenziwe kububanzi obuphezulu kuneedigri ezingama-30 ngeziqu zomoya ezimbini okanye nangaphezulu ezahlukileyo. Aba bantu banamaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo.
- Iinkanyamba Polar: Banobomi obufutshane kwaye bavela kwimimandla esecaleni.
- Iinkanyamba Subtropical: baneempawu eziphakathi phakathi kwamacandelo amabini angaphambili.
Ngokubhekisele ekubunjweni kwayo, isaqhwithi esitshisayo senzeka ngexesha lomgangatho wonyaka, kuba sifuna isixa esikhulu semitha yelanga. Zihlala ziveliswa elwandle xa isaqhwithi esincinci sifumana amandla okonyuka komphunga wamanzi ashushu ngaphezulu kolwandle. Ngokwesiqhelo ihlala isenzeka ngamaxesha apho kukho amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye imitha yelanga eninzi kakhulu. Konke oku kuvelisa umphambili wamanzi ashushu nafumileyo anyukayo ajongane nomoya obandayo ngaphambili ibangela ukuba zombini zijikeleze kwi-axis eqhelekileyo. Ithiwe ibekwe kwindawo esembindini kwaye yaziwa ngegama leliso lesiphango.
Isiphaluka siyaphinda njengoko isaqhwithi sifumana amandla kwaye sihamba. Ngale ndlela, imingxunya yemvula kunye nomoya onamandla uveliswa. Izaqhwithi zaseTropiki zifumana amandla kumanzi ashushu kwaye ziphelelwa ngamandla emhlabeni. Uqhwithela lwetropiki yimeko yemozulu yendalo eyenzeka xa imimandla emibini yomoya emanzi ihlangana kwiimeko ezizodwa: umoya oshushu kunye nomoya obandayo "tyhala" omnye komnye.
Kwelinye icala, xa bengena kwilizwekazi, bathambekele ekupheleni amandla kwaye baphele ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwemimoya eshushu nengqele.
Iziphumo zesaqhwithi setropiki
Izaqhwithi zaseTropiki ziyakwazi ukuphelisa ubomi babantu abaninzi. Nokuba azizizo iinkanyamba, izaqhwithi zetropiki zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kubemi. Impembelelo yazo ibonakala ngokukodwa kwimimandla eselunxwemeni, nanjengoko zinokuphetshethwa ngumoya onamandla, zinokuguqula izinto, ziphakamise amaza aselunxwemeni okanye zivelise imvula enkulu enokubangela izikhukula.
Konke oku kunokubulala abantu abaninzi. Ukuba abantu abalungiselelanga kwaye baqwalasele iimeko zemozulu ezibi kakhulu, ilahleko yezinto zihlala ziba mandundu kwaye ukubuyiswa kweendawo ezichaphazelekayo kungathatha ixesha elide. Ngokuxakayo, iinkanyamba zikwanefuthe elihle kwimozulu yehlabathi: Ukuhambisa amanzi emvula kwimimandla eyomileyo okanye eyomileyo. Ke ngoko, ngokungathanga ngqo bakhuthaza ukuhlanjululwa kwamazwe ebeya kuthi ngokungafaniyo athwaxwe yintlango, njengasemazantsi eUnited States okanye eJapan.
Eyona nkanyamba inkulu yenzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo, xa ulwandle lwalufudumala. Nangona ingingqi nganye inokubonisa iimeko zayo zesaqhwithi kunye namaxesha onyaka, kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba malunga nezaqhwithi, uMeyi uhlala eyinyanga encinci esebenzayo, ngexa kaSeptemba yeyona nyanga ixakekileyo. Oku kungenxa yemeko yokuziqhelanisa. Ukuze amanzi aselwandle ashushu, kufuneka achithe ixesha elininzi lasehlotyeni. Ngale ndlela, ulwandle luya kufudumala ngenyanga kaSeptemba kwaye iya kubangela iimeko ezifanelekileyo ekuveliseni isaqhwithi setropiki.
Ukudakumba kweTropical, iinkanyamba kunye namagama
Izaqhwithi zaseTropiki zithiwe amagama ukuze zikwazi ukubachonga kuhambo lwabo, kuba kusetyenziswe amagama abantu, amabhinqa kunye namadoda. Babekhethwe ngokolandelelwano lwealfabhethi lweleta yokuqala kwaye baqhubeka ngolandelelwano lwexesha lesiphango. Ke ngoko, yenaeyokuqala ibizwa ngu-A, eyesibini ngu-B, njalo njalo.
Ukudakumba kweTropiki kuguqula iziphepho ngokufumana amandla. Ukudakumba kweTropiki lolona hlobo lubuthathaka lwenkanyamba ekhoyo. Umoya wayo ujikeleza okuvaliweyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-17 yeemitha ngomzuzwana, nangona imimoya inokufikelela kwisantya esiphezulu. Ukuba uxinzelelo oluphantsi (olubizwa njalo kuba luyifomula yoxinzelelo olusezantsi) bafumana amandla okuhamba, baya kuqhubeka bekhula de babe ziziphepho zetropiki ngesantya somoya phakathi kwe-17 ukuya kwi-33 yeemitha ngomzuzwana.
Izaqhwithi zezona zinamandla kakhulu phakathi kwezitshingitshane. Zivela kwisaqhwithi sethropikhi kwaye zifumane amandla de isantya somoya silingane okanye sidlule ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-34 ngomzuzwana. Ngokwenqanaba likaSaffir-Simpson, Izaqhwithi zahlelwa ngokwamanqanaba ama-3, 4 okanye ama-5 kuxhomekeke kumandla ale mimoya.
Iindudumo zenzeka ngamaxesha athile kwaye zenzeka empuma, njengonxweme lwaseHong Kong. Eli gama linokusetyenziselwa ukubiza uxinzelelo, izaqhwithi kunye neenkanyamba zetropiki, kuba eli gama libhekisa kwithuba lemiba yemozulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngesiqhwithi setropiki kunye neempawu zayo.