Kwinkalo yemeteorology, i-iridescence zibangelwa yinto eyaziwa ngokuba yi-iridescence. I-Iridescences ziindawo ezingaqhelekanga zombala kumafu kufutshane nelanga okanye nasenyangeni. Le nto ye-optical iyakwazi ukuchazwa nge-coronas engaphelelanga okanye engafezekanga, kuba idalwe yinkqubo efanayo yokusabalalisa ukukhanya njengamaconsi amanzi.
Kweli nqaku siza kuxela ngokweenkcukacha ukuba zeziphi ii-iridescences kwaye zeziphi iinkalo abanazo ngokubonakalayo.
Yintoni iridescence
Imida yamafu, nemicu eethe-ethe ebengezelayo, maxa wambi isinika ithuba lokubukela imbonakalo entle yemibala. I-iridescence entle eqhele ukwenzeka kumafu aphakathi ukuya phakathi Kungenxa yesiganeko sokuhlukana kokukhanya, xa imitha yelanga okanye inyanga ibetha kwi-engile kuthotho lwamathontsi amancinane amancinane kunye neekristale zomkhenkce ezinobukhulu obufanayo.
I-iridescences isasazwa ngokungaqhelekanga kulo lonke ilifu, nangona eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukuba imibala icwangciswe ngokwamaqela ahlala emacaleni elifu, nangona inokuvela njengamabala. Imibala icocekile kakhulu, idibanisa ngokufihlakeleyo kwaye ithatha i-shades eluhlaza kunye nemfusa phakathi kweminye imibala kwi-spectrum ebonakalayo. Kumafu aphakathi, i-iridescence ihlala ithatha i-pearly texture. Amafu anemibala eqaqambileyo aqheleke ngakumbi kunokuba bekucingelwa ngaphambili, nangona le nto ye-optical isoloko ingahoywa. Ukugqoka izibuko zelanga kunceda ukuzibona, ngakumbi ukuba idiski yelanga igutyungelwe yimithi, izakhiwo, njl. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha umbala unzima kangangokuba kunzima ukungayinaki le nto.
Ukuba ukusuka kwindawo yethu ilanga lisondele kumafu, umthombo wokukhanya oqinileyo uya kusikhanyisa kwaye usithintele ekuboneni umbala ngaphandle kokuba sinezibuko zelanga ezikhankanywe ngasentla okanye isihluzo esifanelekileyo, apho siya kuthobela umboniso womlingo wokukhanya kunye nokukhanya. umbala . Ubukhulu bee-shades ezahlukeneyo buyahluka kakhulu, ngamanye amaxesha ukubona umxube ogqibeleleyo wemibala eqaqambileyo kwaye eqaqambileyo kakhulu.
I-iridescence ibangelwa ukubonakaliswa okuninzi okwenziwa kukukhanya xa kubamba amathontsi amancinci amanzi apholileyo kunye neekristale zomkhenkce ezenza amafu aphezulu naphakathi kwi-ref. Esinye sezitshixo zale nto ye-optical kubukho bee-hydrometeors zobukhulu obufana kakhulu. Isenzeko sokuphazamiseka sinoxanduva lokwahlula imibala eyahlukeneyo kubude bamaza esibubonayo, sihlengahlengisa ukukhanya okungenayo ukuze uphawu oluphumayo lwandiswe kwezinye iindawo kwaye luncitshiswe kwezinye.
Sinokubona kuphela i-iridescence xa sibekwe kwi-engile echanekileyo ngokumalunga nommandla welifu elivelise yona. Iimeko ezifanayo zingenzeka kumphezulu wezinto ezithile zemihla ngemihla, njengamabala e-oyile, amaqamza esepha, okanye amaphiko amabhabhathane athile kunye nezinambuzane.
Iziphumo ze-Optical ye-iridescence
I-atmosfera yethu ngumboniso wemiboniso eyahlukeneyo yemozulu, uninzi lwazo zizinto ezibonwa ngamehlo, ezenziwe kukudibana kokukhanya kwelanga kunye namathontsi amanzi kwiatmosfera ekufuphi, ukuze indawo yethu ibe nemibala nge-refraction. Phakathi kwezi, sinokubiza i-halo, umnyama, imini nobusuku, i-iridescent.
I-iridescence, ngakumbi, ayinayo i-coronal symmetry, imiboniso eyahlukanisiweyo, amabala angafezekanga ombala kumafu okanye imitya yombala ejikeleze imiphetho. Ukusuka emhlabeni, umzekelo, abakhi-mkhanyo babona imvula endaweni yee-coronas xa amafu emancinci kakhulu ukwenza i-symmetrical coronal loops, okanye xa iLanga okanye iNyanga ingekho ngokuthe ngqo emva kwefu.
Amafu amnyama abangelwa kukukhanya kwelanga okuphuma kumathontsi amancinane amanzi okanye iikristale zomkhenkce ezincinane ezibumba la mafu, athi wona angayiboni imitha yelanga. Iikristale ezinkulu zomkhenkce zidala i-halos, ebangelwa kukuchaswa endaweni ye-iridescence. Ikwahlukile kwimvula ebangelwa yi Ukuphindaphinda amathontsi amakhulu ngesizathu esifanayo. Ukuba inxalenye yelifu inamaconsi okanye iikristale zobukhulu obufanayo, ukuqokelela kwesi siphumo kunokubangela ukuba bathathe umbala wabo.
Lo mcimbi we-atmospheric phantse usoloko ubhidaniswa nomnyama, ngelixa eneneni uyinto eyahlukileyo kakhulu, nangona yakhelwe phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo. Umbala obonwa kumnyama uxhomekeke kubungakanani bethontsi kunye ne-engile apho umntu obukeleyo alibona lisuka phi.
imibala eqaqambileyo
Umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka owenza umsesane wangaphakathi wesithsaba udla ngokuba ngumbala obalaseleyo, kodwa obomvu kunye nohlaza nawo unokubonwa. Ukukhanya kombala kwandisa ngokufana kwenani kunye nobukhulu bamaconsi. Njengakwizithsaba, ezincinci, nkqu namathontsi avelisa ezona ziphumo zibonakalayo.
Imibala yomnyama kwi-spectrum ebonakalayo iquka yonke imibala enokuveliswa bubude obunye bokukhanya okubonakalayo, oko kukuthi, imibala ye-spectrum ecocekileyo okanye ye-monochromatic. i-spectrum ebonakalayo aluyigqibi imibala abantu abanokuyahlula. Imibala ephelelweyo efana nepinki okanye iviolet eguquguqukayo njengemagenta ayinakuphinda iveliswe ngobude obunye.
Nangona i-spectrum iqhubeka, ngoko akukho sithuba esimhlophe phakathi kombala omnye kunye nomnye, uluhlu olungentla lunokusetyenziswa njengoqikelelo. Njengayo nayiphi na into ekhanyisiweyo, kule meko, amathontsi amanzi axhonywe kwi-atmosfera afunxa inxalenye yamaza ombane aze abonise amanye. Amaza abonakalisiweyo athinjwa ngeso kwaye atolikwa ebuchosheni njengemibala eyahlukileyo ngokuhambelana nobude obuhambelanayo, kwaye umnyama ngomnye wemizekelo eyaziwayo yolu hlobo lwe-optical phenomenon.
Amafu alungele i-iridescence
Ukuze le nto yenzeke, ukongeza kwisehlo sokukhanya kunye namathontsi emvula, i-factoral factor cloud iyadingeka, kule meko i-altostratus okanye i-altocumulus clouds esandul' ukubunjwa ibonelela ngezona meko zilungileyo zokukhanya. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba i-iridescents yelanga inemibala eqaqambileyo, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi ubunzulu bokukhanya bubathintela ukuba bangabonwa. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukukhanya kwenyanga kuvelisa imibala ekhaphukhaphu, nangona kulula ukuyibona.
Kwi-atmosfera yethu, le nto inokuthi yenzeke nakwezinye iimeko, ukongeza kwezinye izinto, ezinje ngee-contrails ezishiywe ziinqwelomoya. Iimpembelelo zeerokethi ezikwi-atmosfera ephezulu zinokuvelisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, iziphumo ezimangalisayo nezimangalisayo.
Xa i-rocket ihamba emoyeni ophezulu, umphunga wamanzi ophuma kumbhobho wawo uyakhazimla ukuze wenze iikristale zomkhenkce ezincinane. Iikristale ziphazamisa ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze kuvele imibala eqaqambileyo. Kukwakho nokwakheka kwamafu afana kakhulu ne-iridescence, amafu e-polar stratospheric, awaziwa ngokuba ngamafu eperile okanye amafu oomama-we-pearl, angamafu emibala eqaqambileyo ye-pastel.
Zenziwe ngeekristale ezincinci zomkhenkce zenza kumphakamo ophakathi kwe-15 kunye ne-30 yeekhilomitha kumaqondo obushushu ajikeleze -50 °C. Iikristale zawo zomkhenkce zisebenza njengezinto ezibangela iigesi zegreenhouse ezikhutshwa yi-aerosols.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-iridescence kunye neempawu zayo.