Imozulu yangoku yeplanethi iyaphambana. Kwaye yile ehlotyeni ivelisa amaza obushushu kunye namaqondo aphezulu obushushu kwihlabathi liphela. Ingcaciso kunye nemvelaphi yako konke oku kusekwe kubushushu bomhlaba obuveliswa ngumntu. Akukho nto ingako kwaye akukho nto ingaphantsi irekhodwe e-Antarctica kunyaka ophelileyo erekhodishe i-18.3C. Iqondo lobushushu labhalwa ngoFebruwari 6, 2020, ngokwe-UN World Meteorological Organisation.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba zeziphi izizathu zokuba ubushushu beAntarctica bufikelele kumanqanaba embali.
Ingxelo yobushushu beAntarctic
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba ngexesha lenyanga kaFebruwari kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi kusehlotyeni. Ngesi sizathu, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu enyakeni wonke abhalisiwe ngeli xesha, ebelapha yeyona nyanga ibandayo enyakeni. Kukho ingxaki yehlabathi lonke engaphaya kobhubhane wentsholongwane oveliswe yiCovid-19, ethi kukufudumala kwehlabathi. Akukho sitofu sokugonya solu hlobo lobhubhane.
Ngokwenyani umntu sele eqalile indlela yotshintsho lwehlabathi ngaphandle kokubuya. Besele silumkisiwe ukuba xa amaqondo obushushu aphakathi komhlaba eza kufikelela kubuninzi obuqhelekileyo, akusayi kubakho kubuya ngeziphumo ezibi zotshintsho lwemozulu. Ukukhutshwa kwegesi yokuGcina iGreenhouse ngabantu kunyuke kuphela kule minyaka idlulileyo ngaphandle kwemizamo kunye neenkqubo ezenziwa sisivumelwano seParis.
Ukujonga irekhodi lobushushu beAntarctic kusinceda sakhe umfanekiso wemozulu kunye nemozulu komnye wemida yokugqibela yeplanethi yethu. Ukufumanisa ukuba kutheni iAntarctica ingomnye wemimandla ekhawulezayo ukufudumeza umhlaba, kufuneka siye kwibhanti yokuhambisa.
Ibhanti lokuhambisa kunye neempawu
Kukho ukuhamba kancinci kwe-thermohaline, engaqhutywa ngumoya, kodwa kukusasazwa kobushushu kunye nemvula elwandle. Olu hlobo lomjikelo lubizwa njengebhanti lokuhambisa. Ngokusisiseko yijet yamanzi apho isixa esikhulu samanzi ashushu sijikeleza sisiya kuMantla ePole njengoko amaqondo obushushu esihla esiba netyuwa ngakumbi kwaye axinene. Olu konyuka koxinano lubangela ukuba umzimba wamanzi utshone kwaye uphinde uphinde uphinde uye kumazantsi. Xa befika kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, bayafudumeza kwakhona kwaye uxinano lwabo luyancipha, kwaye babuyela ngaphezulu.
Ewe, kwindawo apho imizimba yamanzi itshona khona ngenxa yokuba iyabanda kwaye ixinene, akukho mkhenkce okhe wabonwa ukusukela ngo-1998. Oku kubangela ukuba ibhanti elihambayo liyeke ukusebenza, lenze ukuba amanzi aphole kancinci. Uncedo olunokuboniswa koku kukuba, ukuphela kwenkulungwane, i-United Kingdom, i-Ireland, i-Iceland kunye nonxweme lwase-France kunye ne-Norway (ukongeza kumntla-ntshona we-Spain) Baza kunyuka nge-2 ° C kuphela, xa kuthelekiswa ne-4 ° C eyoyikisayo kwilizwekazi laseYurophu. Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi kumntla-ntshona weYurophu, kodwa hayi kwi-tropical America, kuba ilahleko yangoku iyakwandisa ubushushu bamanzi eAtlantic kuloo ndawo kwaye, ngenxa yoko, amandla enkanyamba.
Ubushushu be-Antarctic buphezulu kakhulu
Kufuneka siyiqonde into yokuba iAntarctica lilizwekazi elinomkhenkce ngokupheleleyo. Yenye yeenjini zokupholisa iplanethi iphela. Ngobushushu obonyukayo, kulindeleke ukunyibilika komkhenkce osemkhenkceni kunye nokunyuka kwamazinga olwandle. Ngokuhambelana notshintsho lwemozulu, yindawo yeplanethi yonke eshushu ngokukhawuleza. Embindini wenyanga ka-Epreli, kwenziwa ingxelo evela kwi-World Meteorological Organisation kwaye yabonisa ukuba u-2020 ngowona nyaka wesithathu ushushu kwimbali kuba kukho iirekhodi, ngasemva kuka-2016 no-2019. Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kule minyaka li-1.2 degrees Celsius ngaphezulu kwamanqanaba angaphambi kokushishina.
Ukongeza, kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo zonke iirekhodi zobushushu zangaphambili zigqithile. Ngokwalo mzimba kunye nososayensi abawenzayo, uxinzelelo lwee-greenhouse gases emoyeni ziqhubekile ukunyuka kule minyaka idlulileyo. Ukuba ezi gesi zigcina ubushushu ziyaqhubeka nokunyuka, iqondo lobushushu liya kuqhubeka likhula.
Esinye isiphumo sokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu eAntarctica linqanaba lolwandle. Yinkqubo ekhawulezayo kwaneenyanga ezidlulileyo. Emva kokunyibilika okuqhubekayo kweGreenland kunye neAntarctic glaciers, amanqanaba olwandle anyukile. Kwangelo xesha, izinto eziphilayo kunye nezilwanyana zaselwandle ziyaqhubeka nokufumana iziphumo ezibi i-acidification kunye ne-deoxygenation yamanzi olwandle.
Okwangoku, uphononongo olupapashwe ngoMeyi kwiphephancwadi i-Nature Geoscience lalumkisa ngelithi ukunyibilika komkhenkce eAntarctica kusongela ukusabela kwikhonkco kwimozulu.
Iziphumo
Kwi-Arctic, imeko yahluke kwaphela. Uninzi lwayo lulwandle, ngelixa iAntarctica ingqongwe ngumhlaba. Oku kwenza indlela yokuziphatha ephambi kwemozulu yahluke. Nangona umkhenkce wolwandle udada, alunampembelelo incinci ekuphakameni komgangatho wolwandle. Oku akunjalo kwimikhenkce yasezintabeni okanye kwiAntarctic glaciers.
Idatha yamva nje yokunyibilika kwezibonda ibonisa ukuba kukho enye yezona glaciers zikhulu eAntarctica, ebizwa ngokuba yiTotten Glacier, ethi liyanyibilika ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu elwandle. Ilahlekelwe ngumkhenkce omninzi kwaye ukunyuka kwenqanaba lolwandle kuya kubonakala ngakumbi. I-NASA ibhengeze ukuba kubonakala ngathi sifikelele kwinqanaba apho ukuwa kwe-polar kungenakuguqulwa.
Kwiindlela ezininzi esizenzayo kunye namanyathelo amaninzi ngokuchasene notshintsho lwemozulu esiwenzileyo, akunakwenzeka ukumisa ukunyibilika komkhenkce omkhenkce.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nerekhodi yeqondo lobushushu eAntarctic kunye neempawu zayo.