Ngaphakathi koko sikubizayo isiqabu se karst sinezinto ezinomdla zokwazi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha polje. Sisinki enkulu esinki edla ngokumila kwintlambo ende kwaye ineendlela ezingaqhelekanga. Isiseko se-massif senziwa lilitye lekarst.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu zepoljé kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwi-geomorphology yomhlaba.
Yintoni ipoljé
Le poljé yinkxaso-mali enkulu eyenza intlambo kwaye emazantsi ayo ethe tyaba. Yenziwe lilitye lekarst kwaye inemiphetho emqengqelezi apho ilitye lekalika lidla ngokugqabhuka. Ukuze ukwazi ukukhupha amanzi aqokelelekayo ngenxa yemvula, ipoljé ihlala ine sump. Amanzi ahlala ehamba ngomsinga othi uthi shwaka kule sinki uze ubangele ukuba kubekho amanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Enkosi ngokuhamba kwamanzi kwicala elingaphantsi komhlaba, iifomathi ezinje nge stalactites kunye neestalagmites.
Olu lwakhiwo lunokukhukula okwethutyana okanye ngokusisigxina kuxhomekeke kulawulo lwemvula. Ukuba ikhukula unomphela, inokuba lichibi ukusukela oko amanzi aqokelelweyo egqitha kumjelo wesinki kunye nokutya kumatye ekalika. Ngeli xesha ke amanzi anyukayo ukuya kwinqanaba lokwakhiwa kwechibi.
Umazantsi wepoljé ucabalele kwaye ubunjwe ngodongwe oluvela kugqabhuko lwelitye lekalika. Olu dongwe lwaziwa ngegama le-terra rossa. Ndiyabulela ekubunjweni kolu hlobo lodongwe, kunokuthiwa ukuba iintlambo ezenziwe kukuwa kwepoljé zichume kakhulu. Le mihlaba ifumana zonke iintlobo zezidumbu eziqokelela kwindawo enye ngenxa yoxinzelelo.
Ukubaluleka kwezidumbu kwipoljé
Intlenga yinkqubo apho izinto eziqinileyo zihanjiswa yimilambo yamanzi okanye yomoya kwaye ibekwe emazantsi echibi, umlambo okanye umjelo owenziweyo. Ngokwesiqhelo ezi ntlenga zihamba ngenxa yomxhuzulane. Kuxhomekeka kubungakanani, zinokumiswa okanye zixutywe emanzini. Eyona inzima inokutsalwa kodwa badinga imisinga eyomeleleyo yamanzi okanye umoya oqhubekayo.
Kwimeko yezidumbu ezihanjiswa emhlabeni, singatsho ukuba zintathu iintlobo zothutho. Ukurhubuluza Luhlobo lwezothutho ezihamba ngalo iziseko ezinkulu. Emva koko sine ityuwa. Yinkqubo yothutho apho intlenga yenza ukutsiba okuncinci ngenxa yomoya wamanje okanye wamanzi. Kuba intlenge Ukunqunyanyiswa kokubini emanzini nasemoyeni nasekuphelisweni kwamanzi kuphela. Sikwafumana ukungqubeka kwezo ndawo zingaphantsi kwamanzi. Umzekelo, isiqwenga somthi okanye isebe linokudada emanzini omlambo lize lihanjiswe liye esiphelweni ngomlomo.
Phantse nawuphi na umlambo wamanzi ngaphandle kokuhamba kwawo, isantya kunye nokumila kunakho ukuhambisa ukumiswa kwezinto eziqinileyo. Le nto ikumiswa, ithe chu ngokuthe ngcembe ngenxa yomxhuzulane ide ifike ezantsi. Ukuba umjelo wamanzi uyakhawuleza, unokuba negalelo kukhukuliseko lweendonga zomlambo okanye emazantsi ejelo. Xa inqanaba lamanzi lincipha, zonke iidingi eziye emazantsi kwaye ezinokuchuma okukhulu ziza ngaphezulu. Ke, imihlaba ye-poljé ihlala inesakhono esikhulu sokuyihlakulela.
Uninzi lweziganeko zentlenga ziveliswa sisiphumo somxhuzulane. Ngelixa izinto ezikhukulisayo zibalasele kwezona ndawo ziphakamileyo zeplanethi yethu ezinjengeentaba, kwezona ndawo zidandathekileyo kukho inani elikhulu lezinto zokuthambisa. Ezi zithuba ze lithosphere Apho intlenge iqokelela khona izixa ezikhulu ibizwa ngokuba zizitya zentlenga.
Ipoljé yeZafarraya
Enye yeepoljé esikufutshane kwaye apho sinokuqinisekisa khona konke esikuphawulileyo kukwipoljé de Zafarraya. Ime kwenye yezona ndawo zibalulekileyo zemvelaphi ye-karst kwi-Iberia Peninsula. Imozulu apho le polje yenziwe khona yindawo yelizwekazi iMeditera epholileyo. Kule mimandla, imvula yonyaka ijikeleze i-1000 mm. Ngamanye amaxesha inika izikhukula kuxhomekeke kubunzulu bento efanayo. Imihlaba yeyohlobo lwe-calcareous fluvisol kwaye kukho umsebenzi omkhulu wokunkcenkceshela kwezolimo.
Ubungakanani obukhulu bokulima kwezi ndawo kungenxa yokurhuqa kunye nokuqokelela kwezidumbu ezibangelwa luxinzelelo kunye nekhosi yamanzi. Imida yepoljé de Zafarraya yiSierra Tejeda kunye neSierra Gorda. Kule dolophu kukho umgca owahlula amaphondo eMalaga naseGranada edibana nommandla weAxarquía. Ngombulelo kukuchuma komhlaba owenziwe yipoljé, ukufuywa kwemfuyo kunokusetyenziswa njengesixhobo esiphambili.
Kule ndawo sifumana amathafa aseZafarraya, aziwa ngokuba yintlambo ebanzi emalunga neekhilomitha ezilishumi. Omabini la manzi emvula kunye nalawo aqokelelwe yimilambo yiAlmijara, Tejeda kunye neAlhama Natural Park. Indawo yendalo yamanzi ibekwe kwenye yezona sinkholes zinkulu zaziwayo zifumaneka kumazwe aseLoja naseMarchamas. Xa amanzi efikelela kule sinki ayalahleka phantsi komhlaba. Kucingelwa ukuba oku kungenxa yobuninzi bemithombo kunye nemithombo ebonwa kumasipala waseLoja.
Ukuba bekungekho kulo mgodi ungaphantsi komhlaba, yonke loo ndawo yayiya kuhlala iphantsi kwamanzi, isenza ichibi elikhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa imvula igqitha amandla esinki ukukhupha amanzi, amachibi amancinci ayenzeka. Olu qokelelo lwamanzi kunye nokufuma obe yinxalenye elungileyo yokwenziwa komhlaba ofanelekileyo wezolimo. Ngenxa yokunyuka kwezolimo kwezi ndawo, itafile yamanzi iyaphelelwa kukusetyenziswa okungaphaya kobutyebi bamanzi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba yintoni ipoljé kwaye ibaluleke kangakanani.