Kumanqaku angaphambili besithetha ngazo zonke iimpawu ze inkqubo yelanga. Kule meko, siza kugxila kuyo iplanethi iJupiter. Yiplanethi yesihlanu ekude kakhulu neLanga kunye neyona inkulu kwenkqubo yonke yelanga. Kwintsomi yamaRoma wafumana igama lokumkani woothixo. Ayikho enye into kwaye ayikho ngaphantsi kwama-1.400 amaxesha amakhulu kunoMhlaba ngobukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima bayo bumalunga namaxesha angama-318 kuphela oMhlaba, kuba ingumoya osisiseko.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into enxulumene nePlanethi Jupiter? Kule posi siza kuyicazulula ngokunzulu. Kufuneka uqhubeke ufunda 🙂
Iimpawu zeJupiter
Ubuninzi beJupiter malunga nekota ubuninzi beplanethi yethu. Nangona kunjalo, ingaphakathi lenziwe ikakhulu iigesi i-hydrogen, i-helium kunye ne-argon. Ngokungafaniyo noMhlaba, akukho mahluko ucacileyo phakathi komhlaba kunye nomoya ojikeleze umhlaba. Kungenxa yokuba iigesi zomoya ezihamba ngokuthe ngcembe ziguquka zibe lulwelo.
I-Hydrogen icinezelwe kangangokuba ikwimeko yolwelo ebuntsimbi. Oku akwenzeki kwiplanethi yethu. Ngenxa yomgama kunye nobunzima bokufunda ingaphakathi lale planethi, akukaziwa ukuba yintoni i-nucleus eyenziwe ngayo. Kucingelwa ukuba yinto enamatye ngohlobo lomkhenkce, inikwe amaqondo obushushu asezantsi kakhulu.
Ngokumalunga namandla ayo, Uguquko olunye olujikeleze iLanga rhoqo kwiminyaka eyi-11,9 yoMhlaba. Ngenxa yomgama kunye nokuhamba kwexesha elide kuthatha ixesha elide ukujikeleza iLanga kuneplanethi yethu. Ime kwi-orbital umgama we-778 yezigidi zeekhilomitha. Umhlaba kunye neJupiter banamaxesha apho basondela kwaye bakude omnye komnye. Kungenxa yokuba ii-orbits zazo azifani ngeminyaka efanayo. Rhoqo kwiminyaka engama-47, umgama phakathi kwezijikelezi-langa uyahluka.
Owona mgama usezantsi phakathi kweeplanethi ezimbini ziikhilomitha ezingama-590 ezigidi. Lo mgama wenzeka ngo-2013. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zijikelezi-langa zingafunyanwa kumgama ongama-676 yeekhilomitha.
Umoya kunye namandla
I-Jupiter's equatorial diameter ziikhilomitha ezili-142.800. Kuthatha kuphela malunga neeyure ezili-9 kunye nemizuzu engama-50 ukuvula i-axis yayo. Ukujikeleza okukhawulezileyo kunye nokwakheka kwayo konke kwehydrogen kunye nehelium kubangela ukuqina kweikhweyitha okubonwayo xa umhlaba ujongwa ngeteleskopu. Ujikelezo alufani kwaye umphumo ofanayo uyabonakala kwiLanga.
Umoya wayo unzulu kakhulu. Kunokuthiwa igubungele iplanethi iphela ukusuka ngaphakathi ukuya ngaphandle. Ifana nje nelanga. Yenziwe ikakhulu yihydrogen kunye nehelium kunye nezinye izixa ezincinci zemethane, iammonia, umphunga wamanzi, kunye nezinye izinto. Ukuba siya kubunzulu obukhulu beJupiter, uxinzelelo lukhulu kangangokuba iiathom zehydrojeni ziyaphuka, zikhulule ii-elektron zazo. Oku kwenzeka ngendlela yokuba iiathom ezibangelwa zezi ziqulathe kuphela iiproton.
Le yindlela ifunyenwe ngayo imeko entsha ye-hydrogen, ebizwa ngokuba yi-metallic hydrogen. Olona phawu luphambili kukuba ineepropathi ezifanayo njengombane ohambisa umbane wolwelo.
Amandla ayo abonakaliswa kwimigca emide yemibala, amafu asemoyeni kunye neenkqwithela. Iipateni zamafu ziyatshintsha ngeyure okanye ngeentsuku. Le migca iyaxabiswa ngakumbi ngenxa yemibala ye-pastel yamafu. Le mibala ibonakala kwi Indawo ebomvu ebomvu yeJupiter. Mhlawumbi lolona phawu ludumileyo kule planethi. Kwaye sisaqhwithi esintsonkothileyo esimile okweqanda kwaye umbala wahlukile kumbala obomvu ukuya kupinki. Ihamba ngokuchasene newotshi kwaye ibisebenza ixesha elide.
Ukwakhiwa, ubume kunye nomhlaba wemagnethi
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukubonwa okubukekayo okuvela eMhlabeni kubonise ukuba uninzi lomoya weJupiter wenziwe ngeemolekyuli hydrogen. Uphando lwe-infrared lubonisa oko I-87% yi-hydrogen kunye nenye i-13% ye-helium.
Ukuxinana okuye kwaqwalaselwa kusivumela ukuba sigqibe kwelokuba umhlaba ungaphakathi ukwimo efanayo yomoya. Esi sijikelezi-langa sikhulukazi senziwe zizinto ezimbini ezikhaphukhaphu nezona zininzi kwindalo iphela. Oku kuyenza ibe nokubunjwa okufana kakhulu nelanga kunye nezinye iinkwenkwezi.
Ngenxa yoko, iJupiter isenokuba yavela kwinciphiso ethe ngqo yelanga yokuqala yelanga. Eli lilifu elikhulu legesi ye-interstellar kunye nothuli apho inkqubo yethu yelanga yonke yenziwa khona.
UJupiter ukhupha amandla aphindwe kabini amandla afunyanwa nguLanga. Umthombo okhupha la mandla uvela kulwakhiwo lomxhuzulane olucothayo lomhlaba wonke. Kuya kufuneka iphindaphindwe kalikhulu kubunzima ukuqala ukusabela kwenyukliya njengaleyo yeLanga kunye neenkwenkwezi. Kunokuthiwa iJupiter lilanga elimnyama.
Umoya ulawula ngolawulo kwaye kukho iindidi ezininzi zamafu. Kuyabanda kakhulu. Ukutshintsha kwamaqondo obushushu ngamaxesha ngamaxesha kwiatmosfera ephezulu yeJupiter kutyhila ipatheni yotshintsho lwemimoya efana naleyo yommandla weikhweyitha we stratosphere yomhlaba. Nangona kuphela elona candelo lingaphandle leJupiter elinokufundwa ngokucace gca, izibalo zibonisa ukuba ubushushu noxinzelelo luyanda njengoko singena nzulu kwiplanethi. Kuqikelelwa ukuba undoqo weplanethi ungafana nalowo woMhlaba.
Kubunzulu bezona ndawo zingaphakathi iJovian magnetic field yenziwe. Phezulu umazibuthe ugqithisa lowo woMhlaba malunga nezihlandlo ezili-14. Nangona kunjalo, ukubola kwayo kubuyiselwe umva ngokubhekisele kule planethi yethu. Enye ikhampasi yethu yayiza kwalatha emantla ukuya emazantsi. Le ntsimi yemagnethi ivelisa iibhanti ezinkulu zemitha yamasuntswana abanjisiweyo. La masuntswana ajikeleze iplanethi kumgama wezigidi ezili-10 zeekhilomitha.
Eyona satellites ibaluleke kakhulu
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku i-satellites zendalo ezingama-69 zibhalwe. Ukuqwalaselwa kutsha nje kubonise ukuba uxinizelelo lweenyanga ezinkulu zilandela imeko ebonakalayo yelanga ngokwalo. Eyona satellite iphambili ibizwa Io, Europa, Ganymede kunye noCallisto. Zimbini zokuqala zikufutshane nomhlaba, zixinene kwaye zinamatye. Kwelinye icala, i-Ganymede kunye ne-Callisto zikude kakhulu kwaye zenziwe ngumkhenkce onoxinano olusezantsi kakhulu.
Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwezi satellites, ukusondela komzimba ophakathi kubangela ezona zinto zingazinzanga zixinene kwaye zenze ezi zinto zidibeneyo.
Ngolu lwazi uya kuba nakho ukwazi ngcono le planethi iphambili.