Umcimbi weLa Niña

I-El Niño phenomenon iviwa phantse kuwo wonke umntu enikwe ifuthe kwimozulu yehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, yintoni kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo akwaziwa. Ngokuchasene noko, kukwakho into ejongene ne-El Niño eyaziwa njengeLa Niña.

ILa Niña ikwavelisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwimozulu yeplanethi kwaye iziphumo zayo zibaluleke kakhulu. Ke ngoko, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokunzulu. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi yonke into malunga neLa Niña?

El Niño into

Ukufumana ukuqonda kakuhle imeko yeLa Niña, kufuneka kuqala siqonde kakuhle ukuba u-El Niño usebenza njani. Kuqala, kutheni le nto beyibiza ngokuba yinto eyenzekayo kwaye kutheni uEl Niño? Umcimbi kwinzululwazi yendalo ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga, kodwa nakuphi na ukubonakaliswa komzimba okunokujongwa emva kokujongwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye umlinganiso ongathanga ngqo. Ke ngoko, i-El Niño kunye nemvula ziziganeko zemozulu.

Igama lika-El Niño lanikwa abalobi bedolophu yasePaita emantla ePeru ngokubhekisele kusana olunguYesu, kuba le nto yavela ngexesha leKrisimesi.

Yintoni i-El Niño phenomenon? Ewe, isimilo esiqhelekileyo semimoya yorhwebo ePacific kukuba bavuthele ukusuka empuma kuye entshona. Le mimoya ityhalela amanzi kunxweme loMzantsi Merika kwaye ibasa eOceania naseAsia. Onke la manzi ashushu afumbeneyo avelisa imvula kunye nemozulu yetropiki kwezi ndawo. Okwenzekayo eMzantsi Melika kukuba onke amanzi afudumeleyo ashukumisileyo athatyathelw 'indawo ngamanzi abandayo aphuma enzonzobileni esiya ngaphezulu. Lo mlambo wamanzi abandayo ubizwa I-Humboldt yangoku.

Le meko yamanzi ashushu entshona kunye namanzi abandayo empuma enza umohluko wobushushu kulo lonke ulwandlekazi lwePasifiki, usinika Imozulu yetropiki eOceania nenxalenye yeAsia. Okwangoku, umoya ophezulu emoyeni uhambela kwelinye icala, nto leyo ekhokelela kwinkqubo yokujikeleza komoya ethe gqolo ityhala amanzi ashushu asentshona. Le yimeko eqhelekileyo kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki nakwimozulu.

Kodwa into ka-El Niño, eyenzeka rhoqo kwimijikelo yeminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu, iyazitshintsha zonke ezi zinto zitshintshayo. Le nto iqala ngokubangela ukuwa kwimimoya yorhwebo, ibangele onke amanzi afudumeleyo agcinwe e-Oceania ukuba ahambele eMzantsi Melika. Xa la manzi efikelela elunxwemeni, la manzi ayenyuka abe ngumphunga aze avelise iimvula ezinkulu ngokungaqhelekanga, ngelixa imozulu kwelinye icala lePasifiki ijika yomile, kubangela imbalela enkulu.

La Niña into

Sele uyazi ukusebenza kwesiqhelo kwemisinga yolwandle kunye nemimoya yorhwebo yoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Ewe ngoku kuya kuba lula kuwe ukuba uyiqonde into eyiyo La Niña.

Igama elithi La Niña lakhethwa kuba lichasene noMntwana, nangona lingenangqondo kwaphela, kuba lithetha ngoMntwana onguYesu. Xa le nto isenzeka, imimoya yorhwebo ivuthuza ngamandla amakhulu kunesiqhelo, ebangela ukuba amanzi ashushu agcinwe kunxweme lweOceania neAsia. Xa oku kusenzeka, kubakho imvula egqithisileyo kwezi ndawo, kodwa kukho imbalela enkulu eMzantsi Melika.

Ezi zinto zimbini zivelisa ukunqongophala kweentlanzi kunye neentlekele zendalo.

Iziphumo zesenzeko seLa Niña

I-La Niña phenomenon ihlala ihlala iinyanga kwaye iziphumo eziyizisayo zezi zilandelayo:

• Uxinzelelo lolwandle luyancipha kwingingqi ye-Oceania, kunye nokwanda kuyo kwiPacific ekweleenjiko kunye neyobushushu kunxweme loMzantsi Melika nakuMbindi Merika; ebangela ukonyuka koxinzelelo lomahluko okhoyo phakathi kwamacala omabini e-Pacific.
• Umoya we-alder uyaqina, kubangela ukuba amanzi anzulu abandayo ngokuthe gca kwiPasifiki ihlale kumphezulu womhlaba.
• Umoya onamandla ngokungaqhelekanga unamandla amakhulu okurhuqa kumphezulu wolwandle, unyusa umahluko kwinqanaba lolwandle phakathi kweziphelo zombini ze-Pacific. Ngaloo nto ulwandle luyancipha kunxweme lwaseColombia, e-Ecuador, ePeru nasemantla eChile kunye nokwanda e-Oceania.
• Ngenxa yenkangeleko yamanzi abandayo ecaleni kwe-Ikweyitha, amaqondo obushushu elwandle ancipha ngezantsi kwexabiso lemozulu. Obu bobona bungqina buchanekileyo bobukho beLa Niña. Nangona kunjalo, ezona mpazamo zininzi zishushu zincinci kunezo zarekhodwa ngexesha lika-El Niño.
• Ngexesha leziganeko zeLa Niña, amanzi ashushu kwi-Pacific equator agxile kwingingqi ecaleni kwe-Oceania kwaye ungaphezulu kwalo mmandla ukhula khona. imisinga ebandayo yentombazana.
• Iyanda imvula kuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, iindawo ezithile eAfrika, eBrazil nase-Australia, apho izikhukhula ziya kuba yinto eqhelekileyo.
• Ukuhamba rhoqo kwezaqhwithi kunye neenkanyamba eMelika kuyanda.
• Ikhephu elinokuba yimbali kwezinye iindawo zase-US.
• Imbalela enkulu kwintshona Melika, kwiGulf of Mexico, nakumantla mpuma eAfrika. Amaqondo obushushu kwezi ndawo angaphantsi kancinci kunesiqhelo.
• Kwimeko yeSpain neYurophu ngokubanzi, imvula ingakhula ngokubonakalayo.

Amanqanaba ezinto zeLa Niña

Le nto ayenzeki ngolu hlobo ukusuka kumzuzu omnye ukuya kolandelayo, kodwa ukuzibonakalisa ngokupheleleyo, kudlula kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo.

Isigaba sokuqala siqulathe into ka-El Niño iqala ukuba buthathaka. Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi zinto zimbini zijikeleza, emva koko iqala enye enye. Xa imimoya yorhwebo ephelileyo iqala ukuvuthuza kwakhona kwaye umoya uzinzile njengesiqhelo, iLa Niña inokuqalisa ukulandela ukuba isantya semimoya yorhwebo siqala ukuphakama ngokungaqhelekanga.

ILa Niña yaziwa ukuba iqala ukwenzeka xa imimoya yorhwebo ivuthuza ngamandla kwaye indawo yokuhlangana okunqamlezayo ishukumisela emantla ukusuka kwindawo yayo yesiqhelo ngaphambili. Ukongeza, indawo yokuhanjiswa kwePacific iyanda.

Izazinzulu zichonga ukuba iLa Niña iyakhula xa isenzeka:

• Ukudodobala okwangoku ngokuchasene neikhweyithaYena, ebangela ukuba amanzi afudumeleyo avela kunxweme lwaseAsia, achaphazele amanzi amancinci ePacific yaseMelika.
• Ukwandiswa kwezikhukula zolwandle, ezithi zenzeke ngenxa yokuqina kwemimoya yorhwebo. Ukuqhuma kuyenzeka xa isixa esikhulu samanzi aphezu komhlaba sithatyathwa ngamanzi abandayo kubunzulu kwaye zonke izondlo ezaziphantsi kolwakhiwo oluphezulu ziyenyuka. Ngokugqithisa kwezondlo, izinto eziphilayo kunye neentlanzi ezihlala apho ziyanda kwaye kuyanceda ukuloba.
• Ukomeleza umjelo wamazantsi weikhweyitha, ngakumbi kufutshane neikhweyitha, kurhuqa amanzi abandayo anciphisa amaqondo obushushu empuma nakwimbindi yetropiki yePacific.
• Ukusondela ngakumbi kwe-thermocline (ingingqi apho kukho ukwehla okukhawulezayo kweqondo lobushushu) kumphezulu wolwandle kwi-tropical Pacific, ethanda ukuhlala isigxina kweentlobo zaselwandle ezifumana ukutya kwazo ixesha elide.

Isigaba sokugqibela senzeka xa imimoya yorhwebo iqala ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwaye ivuthuze ngamandla aqhelekileyo.

Yeyiphi imijikelo enokubakho kwimeko yeLa Niña?

Xa iLa Niña yenzeka, ihlala ihlala phakathi kweenyanga ezili-9 kunye neminyaka emi-3, Kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, elifutshane ubude balo, kokukhona zivelisa iziphumo. Ezona mpembelelo zimaxongo nezonakalisayo ziboniswa kwiinyanga ezintandathu zokuqala.

Ihlala iqala embindini wonyaka, ifike kubuninzi bayo ekupheleni konyaka, kwaye inyibilike embindini wonyaka olandelayo. Kwenzeka kancinci kunakwenziwa ngu-El Niño. Ihlala ivela phakathi kweminyaka emi-3 ukuya kweli-7.

Ngaba sinokumisa ezi zinto?

Impendulo nguhayi. Ukuba sifuna ukulawula ubukho okanye ubungqangi bezinto zombini, kufanelekile ukulawula amaqondo obushushu oLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Ngenxa yobungakanani bamanzi kolu lwandle, kufuneka sisebenzise onke amandla avelisiweyo Ukuqhuma kweebhombu ezingama-400.000 ezingama-20 zemegaton hydrogen nganye ikwazi ukufudumeza amanzi. Nje ukuba sikwenze oko, singawafudumeza amanzi asePasifiki ngokuthanda, nangona kuya kufuneka siphinde siwapholise.

Ke ngoko, ide ifumaneke indlela yokulawula ezi zinto zinokwenzeka, sinokuthintela kuphela, silumke kakhulu phambi kwezi zinto ukuze sikwazi ukwenza imigaqo-nkqubo yokuthatha amanyathelo kunye nokunciphisa iimpembelelo kwaye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, Nika uncedo kumaxhoba.

Akukaziwa ngokwenzululwazi ukuba kutheni le nto isenzeka, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuba zenzeka rhoqo ngenxa yokutshintsha kwemozulu. Ukwanda kwamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi kubenza bangabikho ubukho bezi zinto kunye nokuhamba kwamanzi.

Ngolu lwazi ndiqinisekile ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha usiva igama lezi zinto zimbini, ngokuqinisekileyo uyazi ukuba yintoni.