Kwiplanethi yethu kukho imingcipheko emininzi yokusingqongileyo ekufuneka siyithathele ingqalelo kuba iziphumo zazo zibi kakhulu. Imalunga nayo intlekele yendalo. Zihlala ziyimicimbi echaphazela kakubi ubomi nabantu ngendlela ebanzi kwaye ubukhulu becala zibangelwa zizinto eziza ngaphandle kongenelelo lomntu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umntu unoxanduva lwempembelelo yezenzo ezibi, nokuba zetekhnoloji okanye ucwangciso olubi.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iintlekele zendalo, iimpawu zazo, iziphumo kunye nemizekelo.
Yintoni intlekele yendalo
Iintlekele zendalo ziziganeko ezenzeka ngaphandle kongenelelo lomntu, ezinefuthe elibi kubomi nakubantu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantu banoxanduva lweziphumo zobuchwephesha, ukungakhathali, okanye iziphumo zezicwangciso ezimbi.
Ngokweentlobo zeziganeko zendalo ezibangela iintlekele ezinxulumene noko, zininzi izizathu zeentlekele zendalo. Ngokubanzi, intlekele yendalo kubangelwa zizinto zemozulu, iinkqubo ze-geomorphological, izinto zebhayiloji okanye iimeko zomhlaba. Ezi ziganeko zithathwa njengeentlekele xa zifikelela kugqithiso. Iintlekele zendalo ezinxulumene nemozulu zibandakanya iinkanyamba ezikweleenjiko, izikhukula, imbalela, imililo yasendle, iinkanyamba, amaza obushushu namaza abandayo. Kwelinye icala, sinendawo yentlekele engaphantsi kakhulu kuneempembelelo zeemeteorites kunye neeasteroids.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Intlekele sisiganeko esenzeka ngexesha elifutshane, ngesiqhelo alinakulindelwa kwaye linefuthe elibi kubomi. Iintlekele zinokwenzeka ngokwendalo, zibangelwe zizinto zabantu, okanye zibangelwe zizinto zendalo kunye nezabantu.
Xa isiganeko, ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo, inefuthe elibi eluntwini, iba yintlekele. Xa isiganeko senzeka ngaphandle kongenelelo lomntu, sithathwa njengesiqhelo ngendalo. Le yingcamango ye-anthropic apho abantu babekwe njengezinto ezingaphandle kwendalo. Ngale ndlela, umntu wahlula phakathi kwezenzo zakhe kunye neziphumo ezivela kwezinye iziganeko kwindalo iphela.
Izizathu
Phakathi koonobangela abavela kwezi ntlekele sinoku kulandelayo:
- Izimo zemozulu: zenzeka ngokwahluka kwemozulu ngokobushushu, imvula, imimoya, uxinzelelo lomoya, njl. Ngokwesiqhelo lolutshintsho ngesiquphe kwizinto eziguquguqukayo ezisemoyeni ezibangela izinto ezinje ngezaqhwithi, izaqhwithi zombane, iinkanyamba, amaza engqele okanye ubushushu.
- Izizathu zeGeomorphological: zihlala zenzeka xa ukuhamba kwamacwecwe e-tectonic kunye namandla e-crust kunye nengubo yomhlaba kubangela iinyikima, iitsunami kunye nogqabhuko-dubulo lwentaba-mlilo.
- Izizathu zebhayiloji: Ukungalingani kwii-ecosystems kungakhokelela ekukhuleni kwezinto eziphilayo ze-pathogenic kunye neevektri zazo. Ngale ndlela, ukukhula kweentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane kunokubangela ubhubhane okanye ubhubhane.
- Isithuba sangaphandle: Ama-meteorites kunye ne-asteroids angena kumoya ojikeleze umhlaba angadala umonakalo omkhulu.
Iintlobo zentlekele yendalo
Nawuphi na umba ochaphazela amanqanaba agqithisileyo uthathwa njengentlekele yendalo. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
- Udaka: kukuwa kobunzima obukhulu bekhephu elinomhlaba othe tyaba ngenxa yesiphumo somxhuzulane. Ukuba iyenzeka kwiindawo ekuhlalwa kuzo okanye ezihanjwe ngabantu, oko kungakhokelela kwintlekele enkulu.
- Inkanyamba yeTropical: Zijikeleza izaqhwithi ezinobukhulu obukhulu. Ezi nkanyamba zikhatshwa yimvula enkulu kunye nomoya onesantya esiphezulu. Umoya kunokubangela ukungakhululeki elwandle, izikhukula, ukutshabalalisa izibonelelo kwaye kunokubangela nokusweleka kwabantu.
- Izilayidi zomhlaba: Yintshukumo efana ne-avalanche kodwa umhlaba othe tyaba umhle kakhulu. Ihlala isenzeka ngenxa yemvula enkulu kunye nexesha elide eligcwalisa umhlaba ngamanzi kwaye libangele ukuwa komhlaba. Ziyakwenzeka kwakhona ngenxa yobukho beenyikima.
- Ubhubhane kunye nobhubhane: izifo ezosulelayo zinokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu. Ubhubhane usasazeka ngokusasazeka kwaye kunokubangela ubhubhane.
- Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo: kukugxothwa okukhulu kwemagma, uthuthu kunye neegesi ezivela kwingubo yoMhlaba. Imagma ikhukulisela ekuqukuqeleni okuhamba phakathi komhlaba kwaye itshise yonke into esemendweni wayo.
- Isichotho: Isichotho esinzima kunye ne-5-50mm yemvula yelitye enokuba nefuthe kwaye ibangele umonakalo omkhulu.
- Iimpembelelo zeMeteorite kunye ne-comet: azixhaphakanga rhoqo kodwa zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu. I-meteorite ngumzimba omncinci wasezulwini ubukhulu beemitha ezingama-50 ububanzi.
- Imililo yamahlathi: Uninzi lwemililo yasendle yenziwe ngabantu, nangona uninzi lwenzeka ngokwendalo. Imeko yembalela egqithisileyo inokutshisa izityalo ezomileyo ngokukhawuleza kwaye ziqale umlilo.
- Izikhukula: Ziveliswa kukugcwala kwemilambo emikhulu kunye namachibi xa kukho imvula eninzi. Isimbozo eside sinokutshabalalisa iziseko, ukutsala izilwanyana nabantu, ukuncothula imithi, njl.
- Iimbalela: Kukungabikho kwemvula ixesha elide kunye nesiphumo sobushushu obuphezulu. Izityalo zilahlekile, izilwanyana ziyafa, kwaye abantu bayanyanzelwa ukuba bayishiye loo ndawo ngenxa yendlala nokunxanwa.
- Iinyikima: boyikeka ngenxa yokungaqikelelwa kwaye banokuba neziphumo ezibi. Inokuwa isakhiwo, ibangele ukuqhuma, ukuqhekeka kwemibhobho yamanzi, amadama kunye nezinye iingozi.
- Isanti kunye nothuli izivunguvungu: zenzeka kwimimandla eyomileyo nenemimandla eyomileyo. Ngokukodwa iintlango zibangelwa yimimoya enamandla esusa isanti kwaye yenze amafu anokubangela ukusweleka kwezinto eziphilayo ngenxa yokufuthanelwa kunye nokukrala.
- Amasuntswana amisiweyo-Ibangelwe sisanti kunye nothuli isaqhwithi kwaye inokuba yingxaki kakhulu ekungcoliseni umoya okubangela iingxaki zokuphefumla.
- Izaqhwithi zombane: Zenzeka ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwezinto ezihlaziyiweyo zomoya oshushu nofumileyo ongena kwimeko engazinzanga. Ngenxa yoko, umbane kunye nombane ziveliswa zikhatshwa yimvula enkulu, umoya kunye nesichotho.
- Iinkanyamba: lulwandiso lwamafu olwenza ikhowuni yomoya kuguquko. Banokonakalisa iziseko zophuhliso, bonakalise iindlela zonxibelelwano kwaye basongele ubomi bezilwanyana nabantu.
- Iitsunami: zikwabizwa ngokuba ngamaza olwandle. Zibangelwa bubukho beenyikima ezingaphantsi kwamanzi ezibangela amaza amakhulu ahamba ngesantya esiphezulu. Ngefuthe kunxweme banokuvelisa iintlekele ezinkulu ngenxa yefuthe kunye nezikhukula.
- Ubushushu ubushushu: Inokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu rhoqo kommandla ongaphezulu komndilili oqhelekileyo kule ndawo inye kunye nexesha lonyaka. Ngokwesiqhelo ihamba kakuhle nembalela.
- Ingqele ebandayo: ngokuchaseneyo bubushushu ubushushu kwaye zihlala zikhatshwa yimozulu embi.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolwazi olunje ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nentlekele yendalo kunye neempawu zayo.