El intlango yasedanakil Yenye yezona ndawo zigabadeleyo neziyinkangala ehlabathini. Ifumaneka kumntla-mpuma we-Ethiopia, kwingingqi yase-Afar kwaye inamaqondo obushushu afikelela kuma-50 degrees kwaye phantse i-zero ukufuma. Ingumxholo wezifundo ezininzi zophando lwezenzululwazi ukuze ufunde ngakumbi ngeplanethi yethu kwiimeko ezimandundu.
Ke ngoko, kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngeempawu, imozulu kunye nezinto ezifunyenweyo malunga nentlango yaseDanakil.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ubume bomhlaba kwiNtlango yaseDanakil yodwa. Ibekwe kwindawo esebenza ngamandla geothermal, enentaba-mlilo esebenzayo kunye nefumaroles ekhupha iigesi ezinetyhefu kunye nothuthu. Kwezinye iindawo zentlango, imingxuma etshayayo kunye namachibi aneasidi ye-sulfuric inokubonwa, idala indawo etshabalalisayo ngokupheleleyo.
Le ntlango ikweyona ndawo iphantsi ehlabathini, enobude obuphakathi kweemitha ezili-100 ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle. Le ndawo yaziwa ngokuba iDanakil Depression, kwaye yeyona ndawo iphantsi eAfrika. Umahluko phakathi komqwebedu wentlango kunye nobukho bamachibi anetyuwa nemigxobhozo yenye yezona zinto zibangela umdla kulo mmandla.
Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo zilinganiselwe kakhulu, ngenxa yeemeko ezigqithisileyo zemozulu kunye ne-geology. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iintlobo eziye zakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nale meko imbi, njenge inkamela, inyoka yasentlabathi kunye necilikishe lasentlango. Ngaphaya koko, lo mmandla ulikhaya lenye yezona nkcubeko zindala kwihlabathi, isizwe sama-Afar, esikwazile ukusinda kule ndawo ingenabugocigoci iwaka leminyaka.
Imozulu yeNtlango yaseDanakil
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, le ntlango yenye yezona ndawo zigqwesileyo kwiplanethi, ngamaqondo obushushu emini ziyakwazi ukudlula i-50 degrees, ziyenza ibe yeyona ndawo ishushu eMhlabeni.
Imozulu yale ntlango yome kakhulu kwaye iyinkqantosi. Imvula incinane kakhulu yaye phantse unyaka wonke lo mmandla womile. Oku kungenxa yokungabikho kwemvula kunye nobukho bemimoya eyomileyo neshushu, eyenza ukufuma kuphantsi kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kwemozulu eyomileyo kakhulu, iNtlango yaseDanakil likhaya leyona ndawo intle kakhulu emhlabeni. Lo mmandla unenani elikhulu leentaba-mlilo, amachibi aneasidi kunye neendawo zetyuwa ezikhethekileyo kwihlabathi.
Uphando lweDallol Crater
Imi kweyona ndawo isemantla eGreat Rift Valley eMpuma Afrika. Lo luhlobo lwe "maar" yecrater ekhoyo ngenxa yogqabhuko-dubulo lwemagma entywiliselweyo. Imalunga nogqabhuko-dubulo olwenzeka ngowe-1926 xa amanzi aphantsi komhlaba adibana nodaka olushushu okanye i<em>magma. I-Dallol crater iqulethe amachibi aluhlaza kunye ne-asidi, i-iron oxides, iiflethi zesulfure kunye netyuwa. Ezinye iindawo kulo mmandla womileyo ziimitha ezili-100 ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle kwaye eneneni zisebenza njengemingxuma ebamba ubushushu.
Imekobume yayo yimozulu eyintlango, enomlinganiselo wonyaka wobushushu obungama-41°C. Eyona nyanga ishushu (yeSilimela) inomlinganiselo ophezulu wama-46,7°C, nangona amaqondo obushushu edlula kuma-34°C yonke imihla enyakeni. Ixesha lonyaka liphantsi ngenxa yokuba kufutshane ne-ikhweyitha noLwandle oluBomvu. Ibonakala ngobushushu obugqithisileyo obungapheliyo kunye nokupholisa okungahambi kakuhle ebusuku, kudibaniswa neemeko ezomileyo kakhulu.
I-crater ikhupha umsi oyityhefu owenza indawo engqongileyo ezijikelezileyo akuhlali mntu, kwaye zincinci kuphela iintsholongwane ezinokuziqhelanisa nezi meko zinzima.. Iqela lophando laseFranco-Spanish lithathe iisampuli ezininzi zelabhoratri eDallol ukuvavanya amanqanaba e-microbiological kunye nemfuzo. I-microbiologist ekhokele iqela, uPurificación López García, ovela kwiZiko leSizwe laseFransi loPhando lwezeNzululwazi (CNRS), wachaza ngezihlandlo ezahlukeneyo izigqibo zomsebenzi wakhe wesayensi opapashiweyo: «Akukho bomi kumachibi anetyuwa, ashushu, aneasidi eninzi yaseDallol, kunye namachibi akufuphi anetyuwa ane-magnesium etyebileyo.«. Nangona kunjalo, wacacisa, "i-halophilic archaea liqela elahlukileyo leentsholongwane zamandulo" kwaye ziphila kwizisombululo zesaline ezixinene kakhulu kunye neendawo ezineasidi kakhulu.
Isizwe saseAfar sentlango yaseDanakil
UDallol ubambe irekhodi lelona qondo lobushushu liphezulu kunayo nayiphi na indawo ehlala abantu emhlabeni. Abantu abaninzi bayazibuza ukuba le crater inokuhlaleka njani. Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo ochanekileyo unokuba bangaphi abantu abanokuxhasa ezi meko.
Eyaziwayo ngokunyamezela kwabo ukushisa okuphezulu, abantu base-Afar baye bahlala kwiDanakil Depression ubuncinane iminyaka engamawaka amabini. Abantu base-Afar ngabantu abahambahambayo kwaye kude kube ngoo-1930 i-Afar yayisaziwa ngenkohlakalo kunye nokubukulwa kwabo basemzini.. Abanye bathi indawo eyintlango yaseDanakil iqondwa kakuhle ngeefoto okanye iividiyo.
Owona msebenzi uphambili kule dolophu kukukhutshwa kwetyuwa, esasika kwiithayile ngesandla ize ithuthwe ngeenkamela. Iikharavani zezi zilwanyana zihlala zibonwa ziqhuba kancinane kwiindlela zamandulo ezisingise eTigray.
I-Afar inesakhiwo sentlalo esekelwe kwiintsapho kunye neentsapho ezandisiweyo, apho usolusapho wosapho ngalunye unendima ebalulekileyo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo. Isithembu sikwaxhaphakile, apho amadoda anokuba nabafazi abaninzi, nangona imitshato emininzi ingumfazi omnye.
Inkcubeko yase-Afar ityebile kakhulu kwaye ibonakaliswe ngamasiko kunye nezithethe zayo, eziye zadluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Enye yezona zinto ziphawulekayo kwinkcubeko yabo ukubaluleka abakunika izithethe kunye nemisitho, efana nemitshato, imingcwabo kunye nemibhiyozo yenkolo. Inkolo yama-Afar yiSilamsi, nangona ikwagcina iinkolelo ze-animistic kunye neenkolelo zookhokho.
Ubomi entlango yaseDanakil akulula, kwaye i-Afar iye yavelisa amandla amakhulu okuchasa kunye nokulungelelaniswa ukuze iphile kwindawo enjalo engathandekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yabo yokuphila kunye nenkcubeko yabo isengozini ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi, ukuba yintlango kunye noxinzelelo lwehlabathi lanamhlanje.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nentlango yaseDanakil kunye neempawu zayo.