Xa sithetha ngeencopho eziphakamileyo eSpain sihlala sikhankanya iNtaba iTeide. Ime kwisiqithi saseTenerife, esiliqithi leziqithi zeCanary Islands. Ayisiyondawo iphezulu kuphela eSpain, kodwa nakuwo onke amazwe akumbindi woLwandlekazi lweAtlantic. Yena Intaba mlilo Ithathelwa ingqalelo intaba-mlilo yesithathu ephezulu emhlabeni xa ilinganiswa ukusuka kwisiseko se-oceanic crust. Ikwaqwalaselwa njengeyona nto inomdla eSpain kuba ibekwe kwiTeide National Park. Ibhengezwe njenge-UNESCO njengeLifa leMveli yeHlabathi.
Kuzo zonke ezi zizathu, siza kulinikezela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele ngazo zonke iimpawu, ijiyografi, ukwakheka komhlaba, ukuyilwa kunye nomdla wentaba-mlilo iTeide.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Kubantu bokuqala bale mimandla, iGuanches, intaba-mlilo iTeide yathathwa njengentaba engcwele. Namhlanje, yenye yeentaba-mlilo ezaziwayo ehlabathini. Yi stratovolcano okanye intaba-mlilo edibeneyo. Oko kukuthi, yenziwa ngaphezulu kwezigidi zeminyaka ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwamanqanaba alandelelanayo okuhamba kobushushu. Kwaye lava iyaqokelelana kwaye iyaphola njengoko iqukuqelela kwiindawo ezixineneyo. Ayisiyo kuphela ingqokelela ye-lava, kodwa kunye nezixhobo eziqinileyo. Konke oku kuthetha ukuba ulwakhiwo olufakelweyo luthatha ubume de i-volcano ikwisikhundla sayo sangoku.
Isakhiwo sonke seTeide volcano sikwiCañadas. ILas Cañadas yicaldera elinentaba-mlilo enobukhulu obuphakathi kwe-12 ne-20 yeekhilomitha ububanzi. Ukuphakama okupheleleyo kweTeide ziimitha ezingama-3.718 ngaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle. Ukuba siyayibhalisa njengesiphumo somahluko kubude obungaphezulu komgangatho wolwandle, sinokubona ukuba kukho ubude beemitha ezingama-7500.
Intaba-mlilo iTeide, kunye nentaba-mlilo iPico Viejo, yenze intambo enye. Esi sisakhiwo sentaba-mlilo. Zombini kunye nezinye zazibunjwe ngaphakathi kwigumbi elinye lomlingo. Ngokwesiqhelo, xa kuchazwa zombini mlilo kwenziwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwezi zimbini, iNtaba iTeide ithathwa njengeyona isebenzayo. Ukuqhuma kwayo okokugqibela kwabhalwa ngo-1909. Nangona kubonakala ngathi ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100 idlulile, kwisikali se- Ixesha lejoloji oku kuthathwa njengentaba-mlilo esebenzayo.
Ngexesha leenyanga zobusika siyabona ukuba ikhephu lihlala njani engqungqutheleni kwaye linika indawo enomtsalane kwizigidi zabakhenkethi kwiPaki yeSizwe. Oku kwenza ukuba iTenerife ibe yindawo efanelekileyo yabakhenkethi ngawo onke amaxesha onyaka.
Ukuyilwa kwentaba-mlilo iTeide
Makhe sijonge emva kwexesha lejoloji ukuze sifike kwimvelaphi yentaba-mlilo. Ndikhethe isiqithi sonke saseTenerife kulwandle olulandela intaba-mlilo. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha leMiocene nasekuqaleni Pliocene. Ngelo xesha, kwavela iintaba-mlilo ezintathu ezikhuselayo Ziyi-Teno, Adeje kunye neAnaga. Ezi ntaba-mlilo zikhuselayo zabumba uninzi lomhlaba wento eyiTenerife ngoku.
Kumanqanaba ngamanqanaba ezi ntaba zintathu ziphazamise ukuqhuma kwazo kwaye kwaqala ixesha elitsha lomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo apho kwakhiwa khona izakhiwo ezitsha. I-axis esembindini ye-caldera yenziwa ngexesha lesithathu kwaye yavela kuyo yonke iMiocene. Le yindlela iCañadas caldera eyakheka ngayo ngenxa yokuqhekeka komhlaba okukhulu kunye nokulandelelana kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kunye nokudityaniswa kwezi zinto zombini.
Sele ihambile kwixesha lePleistocene, siyabona ukuba isakhiwo seTeide-Pico Viejo senziwe ngaphakathi kwe-caldera.
Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo
Kwangoko besikhankanyile ukuba le volcano iyasebenza. Ukuqhuma kokugqibela kwentaba-mlilo okuye kwarekhodwa kwenzeka ngo-1909. Olu lonyulo lwathatha iintsuku ezili-10. Ikho Inkqubo yeZiko laseVenkile yeVolcanism yeZiko likaSmith elizinikele ekufundeni rhoqo ukuqhuma kweentaba-mlilo. Ngale ndlela, kufuneka silungiselele iintlekele ezinokubangela. Kukho ukuqhuma okubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwaye abantu kufuneka basuswe. Kule meko, le nkqubo iqinisekisile ukuqhuma kwe-42 apho i-3 yayo ayiqinisekiswanga.
Kwaye kungenxa yokuba i-volide yeTeide iqhubele phambili ngokwaneleyo kwimathiriyeli ye-pyroclastic okoko yabunjwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ugqabhuko-dubulo lokuqala lwentaba-mlilo lwabonwa ngo-1492. Olu dubulo lwabangela ukuba sonke isiqithi saseTenerife siguqulwe ixesha elide. Ukuqhuma kuphela kwingqungquthela kwenzeka malunga ne-850 AD
Ngethamsanqa, akukho bantu kufutshane nale ntaba-mlilo, ngenxa yoko ingozi yayo ayiphezulu. Kukho ezinye iintaba-mlilo emhlabeni apho kumgama weekhilomitha ezili-100 kukho abantu abangaphezu kwama-766000. Kwimeko apho kukho uqhushumbo kwisiqithi saseTenerife akuyongozi njengakwezinye iindawo.
Umnqweno wentaba-mlilo iTeide
Siza kukuxelela izinto ezibangela umdla mhlawumbi obungazi ngale volcano.
- Kule paki yesizwe kukho iindawo ezingaphezu kwe-1.000 XNUMX zezinto zakudala. Ezi dipozithi zisusela kwixesha le-Guanche elivelisa ulwazi olwaneleyo malunga neefom zobomi ezazikho ngelo xesha.
- Isiseko seTeide sithathe iminyaka engama-40.000 ukuyila. Nangona eli xesha libonakala ngathi lixesha elide, ukuba sithetha ngokwembono yejoloji lixesha elifutshane. Ke, kunokuthiwa umoya uyintaba-mlilo encinci.
- Imihlaba ejikeleze intaba-mlilo iphakathi kwezona zichume kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Kungenxa yokuba uthuthu olusuka kwiintaba-mlilo lubonelela ngesixa esikhulu sezondlo emhlabeni.
- Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo akuzange kubhalise amaxhoba abantu. Oku kwenza ukuba kukhuseleke ukuhlala eTenerife.
- Imilo le volcano inayo inqabile ukuba sizithelekisa nezinye iintaba-mlilo.
Njengoko ubona, luhlobo olunomdla kakhulu lwentaba-mlilo kwaye yenye yezona zaziwayo kwihlabathi. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nentaba-mlilo iTeide.