Intaba mlilo

Ukuqhuma kwe-etna

Phakathi kweentaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo kuyo yonke iYurophu yi Intaba mlilo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiNtaba i-Etna kwaye yintaba-mlilo ebekwe kunxweme olusempuma yeSicily kumazantsi e-Itali. Ithathwa njengeyona ntaba-mlilo inkulu kuyo yonke iYurophu kuba iqhuma rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa. Yintaba-mlilo etsala ukhenketho oluninzi kwaye yeyona ndawo iphambili yokufumana imali kwesi siqithi.

Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga neempawu, ukuqhuma kunye nomnqweno we-volna ye-Etna.

Iimpawu eziphambili

mlilo kwi-sicily

Le volcano inde ngaphezulu kwesixeko saseCatania kwisiqithi saseSicily. Sele ikhula kangangeminyaka engama-500.000 kwaye ibinothotho lweziqhushumbisi ezaqala ngonyaka ka-2001. Ibuye yaqhambuka kangangezihlandlo ezininzi, kuquka uqhushumbo olunamandla kunye nokuqhuma okukhulu kwamadaka. Ngaphezulu kwama-25% abemi baseSicily bahlala kumathambeka eNtaba i-Etna.

Ekuphakameni okungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3.300 XNUMX, yeyona ntaba-mlilo iphezulu kwaye ibanzi kunazo zonke kwilizwekazi laseYurophu, yeyona ntaba iphakamileyo kulwandle lweMeditera kunye nentaba ephezulu e-Itali emazantsi eeAlps. Ujonge uLwandle lweIonia ngasempuma, uMlambo iSimito ngasentshona nasemazantsi, kunye noMlambo iAlcantara emantla.

Intaba-mlilo igubungela ummandla omalunga ne-1.600 yeekhilomitha, inobubanzi obumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-35 ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, umjikelo malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-200 kunye nomthamo malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-500 zesikwere.

Ukusuka kumphakamo wolwandle ukuya encotsheni yentaba, ubuhle bendalo kunye notshintsho lwendawo yokuhlala ziyamangalisa, kunye nemimangaliso yendalo. Konke oku kwenza le ndawo yahluke kubakhenkethi, abafoti, izendalo, iingcali zentaba-mlilo, inkululeko yokomoya, kunye nabathandi bendalo bomhlaba neparadesi. I-Eastern Sicily ibonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendawoKodwa ngokwembono yokuma komhlaba, ikwabonelela ngokwahluka okumangalisayo.

I-Etna volcano geology

intaba-mlilo etna

Iimpawu zayo zejoloji zibonisa ukuba i-Etna Volcano ibisebenza ukusukela ukuphela kweNeogene (okt iminyaka eyi-2,6 yezigidi edlulileyo). Le volcano ineziko elingaphezulu kwesinye lomsebenzi. Iicones ezininzi eziziisekondari zenziwa kwiindawo ezinqamlezileyo ezivela kwiziko ukuya emacaleni. Ubume bentaba okwangoku bubangelwa yimisebenzi yamaziko amabini amakhulu aqhuma.

Kumgama omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-200 kuphela, Ukudlula kumaphondo aseMessina, eCatania naseSirakuse, Kukho amacwecwe amabini eetekoniki ahlukeneyo aneendidi ezahlukileyo zamatye, ukusuka kumatye e-metamorphic ukuya kumatye angenanto kunye ne-sediment, indawo yokuthimba, iimpazamo ezininzi zommandla. INtaba i-Etna, intaba-mlilo esebenzayo kwii-Aeolian Islands kunye nezikroba zemisebenzi yamandulo yeentaba-mlilo kwithafa leentaba ze-Ibleos.

Kukho isiseko sentsimbi esityebileyo phantsi kweNtaba i-Etna, enokufikelela kubude obuziimitha ezili-1.000 XNUMX, nto leyo eyenza ubungqingqwa belitye lentaba-mlilo eqokelelwe kwiminyaka engama-500.000 imalunga nama-2.000 eemitha.

Amacala asemantla nasentshona amatye e-sedimentary emazantsi e-volcano zii-Miocene ngodongwe-turbidite (ezenziwa zizidumbu eziqhutywa yimisinga yolwandle), ngelixa amacala asemazantsi nasempuma atyebile njengezidalwa zolwandle ezivela ePleistocene.

Ngokuchasene noko, ngenxa yehydrogeology yale volcano, indawo ityebile emanzini kunayo yonke iSicily. Ngapha koko, udaka luvutha kakhulu, lusebenza njenge-aquifer, kwaye luhlala kwisiseko esingenakungena, esingenakungenwa. Singayicingela iNtaba i-Etna njenge isiponji esikhulu esikwaziyo ukufunxa imvula yasebusika nekhephu lasentwasahlobo. Onke la manzi ahamba emzimbeni wentaba-mlilo kwaye ekugqibeleni ayaphuma emithonjeni, ngakumbi kufutshane nonxibelelwano phakathi kwamatye angenakoyiswa nalawo anokungena.

Ukuqhuma kunye namacwecwe etekoni ye-volna ye-Etna

Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo

Phakathi kowama-2002 nowama-2003, olona luhlu lukhulu lweentaba-mlilo kwiminyaka emininzi zakhupha uthuli olukhulu, leyo inokubonwa ngokulula emajukujukwini, iye eLibya, kwelinye icala loLwandle lweMeditera.

Umsebenzi wenyikima ngexesha lokuqhushumba kwabangela ukuba icala lasempuma lentaba-mlilo lityibilike ezantsi iimitha ezimbini, kwaye izindlu ezininzi ezikwicala lale ntaba-mlilo zathwaxwa ngumonakalo wolwakhiwo. Olu dubulo lwatshabalalisa iRifugio Sapienza kwicala elisemazantsi e-volcano.

Zininzi iithiyori zokuba kutheni intaba-mlilo i-Etna isebenza kangaka. Njengezinye iintaba-mlilo zeMeditera ezinje ngeStromboli kunye neVesuvius, kumda wokuthintela, kunye netafile yeetectonic yaseAfrika Ityhalwa phantsi kwepleyiti ye-Eurasian. Nangona zibonakala zikufutshane ngokwendalo, intaba-mlilo yase-Etna yahluke mpela kwezinye iintaba-mlilo. Ngokwenyani iyinxalenye yeArcc volcic arc. I-Etna, endaweni yokuhlala ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo yokuthimba, ihlala phambi kwayo.

Ifunyenwe kwisiphoso esisebenzayo phakathi kweplate ye-Afrika kunye ne-I-microplate ye-Ionia, bayatyibilika kunye phantsi kweplate ye-Eurasian. Ubungqina obukhoyo bucebisa ukuba iipleyiti ze-ionic ezikhaphukhaphu zinokuba zaphukile, ezinye zazo zatyhalelwa emva ngamacwecwe anzima kakhulu eAfrika. Imagma ngokuthe ngqo yengubo yoMhlaba ifunxwe sisithuba esenziwe yipleyiti yeionic ethambekileyo.

Le meko inokuchaza uhlobo lodaka oluveliswe kukuqhuma kweNtaba i-Etna, iyafana nohlobo lwentaba-mlilo eveliswe kwimingxunya yolwandle enzulu, apho i-magma yengubo inyanzeliswa ukuba idlule kuqweqwe. I-Lava evela kwezinye i-volcano yoluhlobo oluveliswa kukunyibilika kwesiqweqwe esele sikhona kunokuba kuqhume umaleko wengubo.

Curiosities

Ezinye zezinto ezibangela umdla kule volcano zezi zilandelayo:

  • Kubonakala kwi Star Wars movie
  • Kwakukho iinzame ezininzi zokulawula ukugqabhuka kwamadwala okusongela ukutshabalalisa isixeko saseCatania.
  • Yinto stratovolcano. Olu hlobo lwe-volcano luthathwa njengeyona nto inobungozi ngenxa yokuqhuma kwayo okuqhuma kakhulu.
  • Igama likaEtna lithetha "ndiyatsha."
  • Olunye udaka lwentaba-mlilo luneminyaka engama-300.000 XNUMX ubudala.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga ne-volna ye-Etna kunye neempawu zayo.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya uluvo lwakho

Idilesi yakho ye email aziyi kupapashwa. ezidingekayo ziphawulwe *

*

*

  1. Uxanduva lwedatha: UMiguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Injongo yedatha: Ulawulo lwe-SPAM, ulawulo lwezimvo.
  3. Umthetho: Imvume yakho
  4. Unxibelelwano lwedatha: Idatha ayizukuhanjiswa kubantu besithathu ngaphandle koxanduva lomthetho.
  5. Ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha
  6. Amalungelo: Ngalo naliphi na ixesha unganciphisa, uphinde uphinde ucime ulwazi lwakho.