Inkqubo yeplanethi

Isixokelelwano sethu sezijikelezi-langa, okanye isixokelelwano sesijikelezi-langa njengoko sikwabizwa njalo, sizaliswe ziintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezisesibhakabhakeni, kuquka ilanga, iiplanethi, iiplanethi ezincinci, kunye neeasteroids, kunye noMhlaba, ubomi ngokwawo. I-Comets ngamanye amaxesha ingena kwisixokelelwano selanga sangaphakathi kwiindlela ezijikelezayo eziphezulu ukusuka kwicala elikude lenkqubo yelanga. An inkqubo yeplanethi liqela lezinto ezingezizo iinkwenkwezi ezibotshelelwe ngomxhuzulane kwi-orbit ejikeleze inkwenkwezi okanye inkqubo yenkwenkwezi. Ngamanye amazwi, iinkqubo zeplanethi zichaza iinkqubo ezineplanethi enye okanye ngaphezulu, nangona ezi nkqubo zinokuquka izidalwa ezisesibhakabhakeni ezinjengeeplanethi ezincinane, ii<em>asteroids, iisathelayithi zendalo, ii<em>meteorites, ii<em>comet, nee<em>asteroids, kwakunye nezinto ezibonakalayo, kuquka ii<em>circumstellar disks.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into omele uyazi malunga neplanethi, iimpawu zayo kunye nokubaluleka kwayo.

Yintoni inkqubo yeplanethi

Inkqubo yeeplanethi lelona gama lethu liqhelekileyo kwisixokelelwano selanga apho sifumana izidalwa zasezulwini eziyinxalenye yenkqubo yeenkwenkwezi ezibini kwaye zijikeleza ilanga, uMhlaba kunye neeplanethi.

Iimpawu eziphambili zenkqubo yeplanethi zezi zilandelayo:

• Kwimeko yesixokelelwano selanga, yenziwe inkwenkwezi esembindini esiyazi njengeLanga nomzimba wesibhakabhaka ohamba nawo.
• Ibandakanya enye okanye ezininzi inkwenkwezi esembindini ebizwa ngokuba yinkqubo yeenkwenkwezi kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo eziyijikelezayo.
• Izijikelezi-langa ezisibhozo zesixokelelwano sesijikelezi-langa zijikeleza ngomxhuzulane zijikeleze ilanga kwimijikelo eyi-elliptical orbits.
• Iiplanethi zesixokelelwano selanga zicwangciswe kwi-orbit kwimigama ekhulayo.

Iindidi zeenkqubo zeplanethi

Izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zizohlula ngokweentlobo zazo. Iindidi ezithile zeenkwenkwezi zaziwa ngokuvelisa iintlobo ezithile zeenkqubo zeplanethi kunye zihlelwa ngokohlobo lwe-spectral yenkwenkwezi. Iinkwenkwezi ezilandelelanayo njengelanga zibangela uninzi lwezinto ezifunyenweyo kwiinkqubo zeplanethi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zihlelwa ngokobukhulu kunye nohlobo lweeplanethi kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwazo kwe-orbital.

Eyona nkqubo iqhelekileyo yeJupiter eshushu efunyenweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ineplanethi enkulu yegesi ekufutshane kakhulu kwenkwenkwezi, kwaye nayo Iinkqubo ezishushu zeNeptune zifunyenwe.

Iithiyori ezinjengokusasaza ziye zacetywa ukwenziwa kweeplanethi ezinkulu kufutshane neenkwenkwezi ezingabazali bazo. Iidiski zothuli ezinamakhonkco amakhulu othuli kunye nee-comets zolunye uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwenkqubo.

Kwakhona iidiski zeprotoplanetary zafunyanwa zisekho kwinkqubo yokwenziwa. Okwangoku, zimbalwa iinkqubo ezinee-analog ezifanelekileyo ezifunyenwe kwiiplanethi ezisemhlabeni kufutshane neenkwenkwezi ezingabazali.

ukusekwa kweenkqubo zeplanethi

Ukwenziwa kweenkqubo zeplanethi kwenzeka ngokwezigaba:

• Kwinqanaba lokuqala, eyaziwa ngokuba Ilifu eliphakathi kweenkwenkwezi, ichaza ukuba ezi nkqubo zisuka kumafu amakhulu emolekyuli akhiwe yi-hydrogen, i-helium kunye ne-lithium, kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo ezinzima. Kwifu ngalinye kula mafu kwakuza kuvela inkwenkwezi yaye mhlawumbi nenkqubo yezijikelezi-langa.
• Inqanaba lesibini li ukubunjwa kweeplanetesimals, eziziintlanganisela zezinto ezivelisa izinto ezinobunzima obukhulu. La masuntswana adityaniswa ngokwendlela iikhilomitha eziliqela ubude kwaye umphumo ube libubu elikhulu.
• Inqanaba lesithathu libizwa ukubunjwa kweembumba zeplanethi, kwaye kuthatha iminyaka e-1 ukuya kwi-10 yezigidi ukwenza. Ungquzulwano lwabangela ukuba bahlukane kwaye umxhuzulane wenza ukuba imijikelo yabo ibe nesiphithiphithi kakhulu.
• Inqanaba lesine li ukwakhiwa kweeplanethi ezinkulu zokuqala, ezibizwa ngokuba ziimbumba zeplanethi kwaye zikhula ngokukhawuleza. Inkqubo yokukhula ivelisa ubushushu obuninzi ukuze uMhlaba ubengezele njengenkwenkwezi. Njengoko ikhula, kubakho izigaba zokugqibela, kuquka ukusekwa kwezinye iiplanethi ezinkulu, ukubunjwa kweeplanethi ezinamatye, nokususwa kwegesi egqithisileyo.

Iimodeli

Kuyo yonke imbali kukho iimodeli ezahlukeneyo zeenkqubo zeplanethi, apho sinokukhankanya ezona zibalulekileyo:

• imodeli Aristotle: ucinga eyona nto ibalulekileyo, uthi umhlaba usembindini wendalo iphela. Umhlaba ubunjwe ngezinto ezine, umhlaba, amanzi, umoya kunye nomlilo. Ithi indawo yesibhakabhaka inezangqa ezingqonge umhlaba, kwaye ingqukuva nganye inemizimba yasezulwini.
• Imodeli yeGeocentric: UPtolemy wenze isindululo semodeli enoMhlaba embindini, ongashukumiyo, kunye neeplanethi, inyanga kunye nelanga ezijikelezayo. UPtolemy wenza ingcamango yejiyometri ethi ngokwemathematika ichaze ukushukuma nokuma kwezijikelezi-langa, ilanga nenyanga.
• Imodeli ye-Heliocentric: ILanga liziko lendalo iphela, kwaye uMhlaba kunye neeplanethi zineendlela ezijikelezayo ezijikelezayo. Iinkwenkwezi zimi kude nelanga, yaye umhlaba ujikeleza kwiasi yawo.

U mzekelo

Eminye imizekelo yeenkqubo zeplanethi yile ilandelayo:

• Alpha Centauri: Oyena ukufutshane noMhlaba. Akukabikho bungqina bobukho behlabathi elijikeleze iinkwenkwezi zabo. Yiminyaka eyi-4,3 yokukhanya ukusuka kwisixokelelwano sesijikelezi-langa kwaye ineenkwenkwezi ezimbini ezinokujikeleza iiplanethi.
• Epsilon Eridani: Le nkqubo yeplanethi ichongiwe kwaye yeyona ikufutshane noMhlaba. Malunga ne-10,5 yeminyaka yokukhanya ukusuka eMhlabeni, inenkwenkwezi encinci kancinci kunelanga kunye neplanethi enkulu kunoMhlaba, eyenziwe kwidiski yothuli kunye nebhanti ye-asteroid.
• Epsilon India: Iqulathe iinkwenkwezi ezintathu, enye enkulu, malunga nesibini esithathwini sobunzima beLanga, kunye nezimbini ezincinci, ezibizwa ngokuba ziibrown dwarfs.
• Tau Ceti: kukho inkwenkwezi efana nelanga ngaphakathi kunye neeplanethi ezi-5 ezijikelezayo. Ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, le nkqubo yeplanethi inokuba yindlela yokusingatha ubomi kuba ezimbini ze-exoplanets zinokuba kwindawo enokuhlala kuyo.

Inkqubo yesola

ISolar System yindawo yeplanethi apho uMhlaba wethu uhlala khona: umjikelezo weeplanethi ezisibhozo ezihlala zijikeleza inkwenkwezi enye, iLanga.

Kakade ke, asingathi kuphela isijikelezi-langa esikhoyo. Kuwo wonke umnyele nakwindalo iphela, kukho iinkqubo zamandla aguqukayo ezijikeleze amandla omxhuzulane enkwenkwezi enye okanye ezingakumbi, ngoko kukhuselekile ngokwentelekiso ukucinga ukuba ezo nkqubo zikhoyo ezingenakubalwa.

Isixokelelwano sethu sokukhanya kwelanga yinxalenye yelifu lendawo eliphakathi kweenkwenkwezi, elibekwe ngaphakathi kweqamza lendawo yeOrion Arm, kwindawo malunga neminyaka engama-28.000 XNUMX yokukhanya ukusuka kumbindi oqaqambileyo womnyele wethu, iMilky Way. Kuqikelelwa ukuba yakha i-4.568 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo, ngenxa ye-molecular clouds edilikayo, idala i-protoplanetary okanye i-star-encircling disk, iqela elingasebenziyo lezinto ezijikeleze ilanga. Ukusuka apho iiplanethi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezinto zeenkwenkwezi zendawo yethu yokuhlala ziya kwenziwa.

Njengezinye iinkqubo zeplanethi, izinto zeSolar System zigcina ii-elliptical orbits ezijikeleze ezona nkwenkwezi zinkulu kwaye ngaloo ndlela zinotsalo olunamandla lomxhuzulane kwinkqubo. Kwimeko yethu, kunjalo, ilanga, inkwenkwezi yohlobo lwe-G ene I-diameter epheleleyo ye-1.392.000 yeekhilomitha, iqulethe i-99,86% yobunzima bubonke benkqubo yelanga.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nenkqubo yeplanethi kunye neempawu zayo.