Inkanyamba yendlela ibhekisa kwindawo ekumbindi weUnited States apho iinkanyamba zidla ngokubakho. Kulo mmandla, iinkanyamba zenzeka xa umoya ofumileyo osuka kwiGulf of Mexico udibana nomoya obandayo, owomileyo osuka eKhanada. Nangona indawo echazwa njengeTornado Alley ingenayo imida ecacileyo, ibandakanya amaThafa amakhulu aseTexas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa, Nebraska, kunye noMzantsi Dakota. Amanye amazwe athi ngamanye amaxesha afakwe kwindawo yenkanyamba abandakanya iOhio, North Dakota, Arkansas, Montana, kunye neIndiana, phakathi kwabanye. Nangona ummandla ufumana iinkanyamba unyaka wonke, uninzi lwenzeka ehlotyeni nasentwasahlobo kwaye zihlala zikhatshwa ziindudumo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into okufuneka uyazi malunga nenkanyamba ye-Alley, zeziphi iimpembelelo abanazo kunye neempawu eziphambili malunga nenkanyamba.
Yintoni inkanyamba
Inkanyamba bubunzima bomoya obenza nge-velocity ephezulu ye-angular. Iziphelo zesaqhwithi zibekwe phakathi umphezulu woMhlaba kunye nelifu le-cumulonimbus. Yimeko yomoya ojikelezayo kunye nesixa esikhulu samandla, nangona zihlala zihlala ixesha elincinci.
Izaqhwithi ezenziweyo zinokuba nobukhulu obahlukeneyo kunye neemilo kunye nexesha elihlala lihlala lijikeleza phakathi kwemizuzwana embalwa nangaphezulu kweyure. Elona qhwithela laziwa kakhulu yile ifanele yefaneli, Isiphelo esincinci sichukumisa umhlaba kwaye sihlala sijikelezwe lilifu elirhuqa lonke uthuli kunye nenkunkuma ejikeleze lona.
Isantya ezinokufikelela kuzo iinkanyamba ziphakathi I-65 kunye ne-180 km / h kwaye inokuba ziimitha ezingama-75 ububanzi. Iinkanyamba azihlali nzulu apho zenziwe khona, kodwa zihamba zijikeleze intsimi. Ngokwesiqhelo bahamba iikhilomitha ezininzi ngaphambi kokunyamalala.
Okona kugqithisileyo kunokuba nemimoya ngesantya esinokujikeleza ngo-450 km / h okanye nangaphezulu, ukulinganisa ukuya kwi-2 yeekhilomitha ububanzi kwaye uhlale uchukumisa umhlaba ngaphezulu kwe-100 km.
Indlela eyakheka ngayo inkanyamba
Iinkanyamba zizalwa ziindudumo kwaye zihlala zikhatshwa sisichotho. Ukuze kubekho uqhwithela, iimeko ze Utshintsho kwicala lesantya sesaqhwithi, ukwenza isiphumo esijikelezayo ngokuthe tye. Xa oku kwenzeka, kudaleka ikhowuni ethe nkqo apho umoya uphakama kwaye ujikeleze ngaphakathi kwesiqhwithi.
Iziganeko zemozulu ezikhuthaza ukubonakala kweenkanyamba zihlala zisebenza emini kunasebusuku (ngakumbi ngorhatya) nase ixesha le entwasahlobo nasekwindla unyaka. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkanyamba inokwenzeka ukuba yenzeke entwasahlobo nasekwindla kwaye emini, oko kukuthi, bahlala rhoqo ngala maxesha. Nangona kunjalo, iinkanyamba zinokwenzeka ngalo naliphi na ixesha losuku nangalo naluphi na usuku lonyaka.
Ifumaneka phi itornado alley
Imimandla emininzi yase-United States iqhelene nenkanyamba, kubandakanywa iGulf Coast, i-Southern Plains, i-Upper Midwest, kunye ne-Northern Plains. Nangona kunjalo, phantse lonke ilizwe liye lafumana iinkanyamba, nangona kunjalo izaqhwithi zixhaphakile phakathi kweentaba ze-Appalachian kunye neeNtaba zeRocky kumbindi weUnited States. Igama elithi "tornado corridor" laqulunqwa nguKapteni uRobert Miller kunye noMajor Ernest Fabush, abathi balifake kwiprojekthi yophando ka-1952 yokufunda imozulu embi e-Oklahoma naseTexas.
Nangona eli gama libhekisa kwindawo esembindini wase-US apho iinkanyamba zixhaphakile, iNkonzo yeMozulu yeSizwe ayinikezi inkcazo esemthethweni kuyo. Ke ngoko, iindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemimandla zihlala zibandakanyiwe kwiTornado Alley.
Nangona imida yeTornado Alley ihluka ngokwemvelaphi, igubungela amaThafa Amakhulu aseLouisiana, eTexas, e-Iowa, eKansas, eSouth Dakota, e-Oklahoma, naseNebraska. Eminye imithombo ibandakanya amazwe afana ne-Illinois, iWisconsin, i-Indiana, intshona yeOhio, kunye neMinnesota njengenxalenye yeTornado Alley. I-Tornado Alley inokuchazwa njengeyona ndawo inezaqhwithi ezininzi. Eminye imithombo ikwabonisa ukuba kukho iindledlana ezininzi zenkanyamba ukongeza kwindawo esuka eTexas ukuya eKansas. Ezi ndlela zingabandakanya i-Upper Midwest, Lower Mississippi, Tennessee, kunye neentlambo zaseOhio.
Iphi iAlley inkanyamba rhoqo
Izaqhwithi zixhaphakile eUnited States ngenxa yemozulu eshushu. Izaqhwithi zinokwenza naphi na elizweni nakwilizwekazi lonke elikuMntla Merika, kwaye iUnited States ifumana malunga ne-1200 yezaqhwithi ezinamandla ngonyaka ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, I-Tornado Alley yenye yeendawo ezichatshazelwa kakhulu ziinkanyamba ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweemeko ezifunekayo ukuze isaqhwithi sidale zikhokele kulo mmandla.
Inxalenye yaMathafa Amakhulu, le ndawo ithe tyaba kwaye yomile, iyenza ibe yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yokuhlangana kwezihlwele zomoya ezikhuphisanayo. Umoya ofudumeleyo ophuma kwiGulf of Mexico udibana nomoya obandayo, owomileyo osuka kwiiNtaba zeRocky. Xa ezi zihlwele zomoya zikhuphisanayo zidibana, umoya obandayo, owomileyo wokutshona kunye nemimoya efudumeleyo, efumileyo iphakama, ukudala isaqhwithi esinamandla.
ukuphindaphinda kwenkanyamba
I-Texas ifumene ezona nkanyamba ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kunye nendawo esemazantsi alo mmandla. Nangona kunjalo, iKansas ibike ezona ndawo zininzi ngo-2007, ilandelwa yi-Oklahoma. Nangona iFlorida yabika iinkanyamba rhoqo ngo-2013, izaqhwithi zazingenamandla njengamathafa asemazantsi. IFlorida yayikwi-avareji ye-12,2 yezaqhwithi kwi-10.000 yeemayile zesikwere ngonyaka phakathi kuka-1991 kunye no-2010, iyenza ibe ngurhulumente onezona qhwithi ezininzi ngexesha lelo xesha, ilandelwa yiKansas (11,7) kunye neMaryland (9,9). I-Texas irekhode iinkanyamba ezi-5,9 kwindawo nganye ngonyaka ngexesha elifanayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nenkanyamba ye-Alley kunye neempawu zayo.