Umngxuma omnyama osembindini weqela lomnyele wePerseus unxulunyaniswa nesandi ukususela ngo-2003. Oku kungenxa yokuba izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zeNASA ziye zafumanisa ukuba amaza oxinzelelo olusuka kwimingxunya emnyama abangela amaza kwirhasi eshushu kweli qela lomnyele. Isandi esirekhodiweyo sinokuguqulelwa kwinowuthi, thina njengohlobo lwabantu esingenako ukuliva kuba lingama-octave angama-57 ngaphantsi kombindi weC. Ngoku i-sonority entsha izisa amanqaku amaninzi kwirejista. Uvakala njani umngxuma omnyama? Yinto eye yaxhalabisa uluntu lwenzululwazi.
Ngoko ke, siza kukuxelela nzulu ukuba umngxuma omnyama uvakala njani kwaye ufunyenwe njani.
Uvakala njani umngxuma omnyama?
Ngandlela thile le sonication yahlukile kuso nasiphi na isandi esithathiweyo ngaphambili kuba iphinda ijonge amaza esandi afumaneka kuwo idatha evela kwi-NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, besisoloko sifundiswa ukuba akukho sandi esithubeni. Oku kusekelwe kwinto yokuba indawo eninzi iyindawo engenanto. Ngoko ke, ayiboneleli nayiphi na indlela yokusasazwa kwamaza omsindo.
Noko ke, umnyele unomthamo omkhulu wegesi ogubungela amakhulu okanye kwanamawaka eminyele. Ngale ndlela, benza indlela yokuhamba kwamaza esandi. Kolu didi lutsha lukaPerseus, amaza esandi aye abonwa ngaphambili zizazi ngeenkwenkwezi akhutshwa aze aviwe okokuqala. Amaza omsindo atsalwa kwicala le-radial, oko kukuthi, kude nombindi. Kamva, imiqondiso iphinda iphinde ifakwe kuluhlu lokuva kwabantu, iphakamisa i-pitch yayo yokwenene nge-57 kunye ne-58 octaves.
Isandi siviwa ngamaxesha eebhiliyoni ezingama-144 kunye namaxesha eebhiliyoni ezingama-288 ngaphezulu kokuphindaphindwa kwaso kwasekuqaleni. Ukuskena kuyafana neradar ejikeleze umfanekiso, kukuvumela ukuba uve amaza aphuma kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Amazwi angakumbi komnye umngxuma omnyama
Ukongeza kwiqela lePerseus leminyele, unyana omtsha womnye umngxuma odumileyo omnyama uyaqhubeka. Emva kwamashumi eminyaka yophando lwezazinzulu, i-Messier 87 umngxuma omnyama uzuze iwonga lokudumileyo kuluntu lwezenzululwazi emva kokuba isungule okokuqala iprojekthi ye-Event Horizon Telescope ngo-2019.
Indawo eqaqambileyo kwicala lasekhohlo lomfanekiso kulapho umngxuma omnyama ukhona. Ubume obukwikona ephezulu ngasekunene yijethi eveliswa ngumngxuma omnyama. Kuyafaneleka ukukhankanya ukuba i-jet iveliswa yinto ewela kumngxuma omnyama.
I-Sonification iskena umfanekiso kumanqanaba amathathu ukusuka ekhohlo ukuya ekunene. Ngoko yabakho njani le "kwayala yasesithubeni"? Amaza kanomathotholo abelwa kwezona toni zisezantsi, idatha ye-optical kwi-midtones kunye ne-X-rays (efunyenwe ngu-Chandra) kwiitoni eziphezulu.
Iindawo eziqaqambileyo zomfanekiso zihambelana neendawo ezinomsindo kakhulu zonyana. Kulapho izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ziye zafumanisa khona umngxuma omnyama welanga ozibhiliyoni ezi-6.500 obanjwe yi-Event Horizon Telescope.
Basibambe njani isandi?
Nangona abantu bengeva kakuhle kakhulu, ukuva okuphunyezwe zizazinzulu kuvumela la maza abambekayo ukuba aphinde adityaniswe kuluhlu lwendlebe yomntu, kumlinganiselo wama-57 kunye nama-58 octaves ngaphezu kwepitch yokwenene, nto leyo ethetha ukuba i-144 ne-288 iyaviwa. Ngama-XNUMX eebhiliyoni ngokuphinda-phindwe kabini kune-frequency yayo yokuqala, eyiquadrillion.
Nangona esi ayisosihlandlo sokuqala ukuba le nkwenkwe iqhutywe, ukususela ngeli xesha amaza okwenene arekhodiweyo yiCXC ahlaziywa. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba i-astronomy iqhubela phambili ngokunyuka kunye nemida, ekubeni kwiminyaka emithathu edlulileyo umfanekiso wangempela womngxuma omnyama ophindwe kasibhozo ubukhulu beplanethi yelanga wapapashwa.
Ke ngoku uyazi ukuba zeziphi izilo ezikhulu kunye nezothuso ezinokuthi iiplanethi kunye neminyele iphela ingafuni ukudibana nesandi esinje.
Ukusabela koluntu ekufumaneni
Ingcamango ephosakeleyo ethandwayo ukuba Akukho sandi emajukujukwini silandela into yokuba indawo eninzi iyindawo engenanto, ayinikeli sisixhobo sokusasaza amaza esandi. Kodwa umnyele unegesi eninzi enokugubungela amakhulu okanye amawaka eminyele, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuhamba ngesandi samaza.
Sinokuziva ezi zandi kuba iNASA isebenzisa umatshini wesandi osebenza ngokusisiseko idatha yeenkwenkwezi ebonwa yindlebe yomntu.
Imingxuma emnyama inotsalo olomeleleyo womxhuzulane kangangokuba awukwazi nokubona ukukhanya. I-NASA ayizange ibonelele ngedatha eninzi malunga nento efunyenwe kumngxuma omnyama, kodwa xa izandi zavezwa, i-intanethi yaphuphuma ngamagqabaza athi mhlawumbi "ingxolo yesiporho" okanye "izigidi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo" zobomi. .
Kwizimvo ezingaphezulu kwe-10.000 zeNASA eziposwe kwinethiwekhi yentlalontle, ezinye zisusela "eyona nto intle owakha wayiva" kwabanye abathi "hlala kude noMhlaba" okanye "ezi zizandi zothusayo kwi-cosmic«.
Apha sikushiya ngesandi somngxunya omnyama:
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba umngxuma omnyama uvakala njani kunye nokufumanisa okubaluleke kakhulu kwi-astronomy.