I-International Space Station yiprojekthi edibeneyo yee-arhente zesithuba ezintlanu: i-NASA, i-Russian Federal Space Agency, i-Japan Space Exploration Agency, i-Canadian Space Agency, kunye ne-European Space Agency. abantu abaninzi bayazibuza indlela yokubona isikhululo samazwe ngamazwe ukusuka phezu komhlaba.
Ngesi sizathu, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili kunye nendlela yokubona iSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe ukusuka kumphezulu woMhlaba.
Iimpawu zesitishi samazwe ngamazwe
Ngokubanzi, kunokuthiwa iSikhululo seSithuba seHlabathi ngumatshini omkhulu, okwi-orbit ejikeleze uMhlaba, Iikhilomitha ezingama-386 ukusuka eMhlabeni, malunga neemitha ezili-108 ubude, iimitha ezingama-88 ububanzi kunye nobunzima obumalunga neetoni ezingama-415. xa yakhiwa ngo-2010. Ngomthamo onokuhlaleka malunga ne-1.300 cubic metres, ukuntsokotha kwayo kuya kudlula nantoni na eqikelelweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ingahlala ngokusisigxina oosomajukujuku abasixhenxe abaya kuphumelela omnye nomnye kwaye baqhagamshelene njengoko kufunwa ubuthunywa. Amandla ayo abonelelwa ngezona paneli zelanga ezinkulu ezakha zakhiwa kwi-110 kilowatts.
Isishwankathelo seempawu ukuya ku-2010:
- Ebanzi: 108 m
- Mde: 88 m
- Ubunzima: 464 t
- Inombolo yabasebenzi: 6 ngokomgaqo
- Iilebhu: 4 okwangoku
- indawo yokuhlala: 1300 m³
- Isantya: 26.000 km / h
Amalungu esikhululo sasemajukujukwini akukho lula ukuwenza. Inikwe amandla ngamapaneli elanga kwaye ipholile yisekethe echitha ukushisa kwiimodyuli, iindawo apho abasebenzi bahlala khona kwaye basebenze. Emini, yenakwiqondo lobushushu lifikelela kuma-200ºC, logama ebusuku lihle liye kutsho kuma-200ºC. Kule nto, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka lilawulwe ngokufanelekileyo.
I-trusses isetyenziselwa ukuxhasa iipaneli zelanga kunye ne-heat sinks, kwaye iimodyuli ezibunjwe njengeengqayi okanye iisphere zixhunywe "ngama-nodes." Ezinye zeemodyuli eziphambili ziyiZarya, Unity, Zvezda kunye neSolar Array.
Ii-arhente zasemajukujukwini ezininzi ziye zayila iingalo zerobhothi ukuze ziqhube kwaye zihambise imithwalo emincinci, kunye nokuhlola, ukufaka, kunye nokutshintsha iiphaneli zelanga. Eyona idumileyo sisitishi somnxeba sesikhululo somnxeba esaphuhliswa liqela laseKhanada, leyo igqame ngeemitha ezili-17 ubude. Inamalungu asi-7 eemoto kwaye iyakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo enzima kunesiqhelo njengengalo yomntu (igxalaba, ingqiniba, isihlahla kunye neminwe).
Ungasibona njani iSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe
Ngaba ukhe wazibuza ukuba ungasibona njani iSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe? Ewe, sisezulwini, sijikeleza uMhlaba wethu. Kodwa ngokukodwa, siphi isikhululo sasemajukujukwini ngoku kwindlela yethu yokujikeleza? I-NASA kunye ne-ESA baphendula lo mbuzo ngexesha langempela. Enkosi kwimephu yayo yokulandelela isikhululo sexesha lokwenyani.
Ngombulelo kule mephu yohlaziyo ephilayo, uya kukwazi ukubona indlela ye-orbital elandelwa sisikhululo sasemajukujukwini kunye nepateni esiyilandelayo, ngokunxulumene nendlela yaso yangoku. Kwakhona, Uya kubona ulwazi lwereferensi olufana nobude, ubude, ukuphakama kunye nesantya.
I-NASA, ngokwalo icala, iphendule imibuzo enomdla onokuthi ukhe wazibuza yona ngamaxesha malunga neSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe. Ngokomzekelo, ngaba ibonakala esibhakabhakeni apho ukhoyo ngoku? Ngaba ufuna iteleskopu ukuze ubone iSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe esibhakabhakeni? Kwakhona, ikuxelela ukuba inokubonwa ngokucacileyo kufutshane nendawo ohlala kuyo.
I-NASA inewebhusayithi enikezelwe kwiSikhululo saMakhulu seHlabathi se-ISS. Umsebenzi wakho kukusinika ulwazi olunomdla malunga nesi sigebenga se-ergonomic. Ngokukodwa, ukuba sijonga isibhakabhaka, sazi njani ukuba siphi, silandela yiphi i-orbit, kunye nezinye izinto ezinomdla. Eli phepha libizwa ngokuba yiSpot The Station, kwaye ungasoloko ujongana nalo ngesiNgesi.
Okokuqala, unemephu ebizwa ngokuba yi-Live Space Station Tracking Map. Enkosi kule mephu, uya kuba nakho ukubona indawo yeSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe kwindlela esijikeleza ngayo uMhlaba. Ngexesha langempela kunye neyure enesiqingatha kunye nezikhundla zangaphambili kunye nezizayo. Ngale ndlela uya kuba nakho ukwazi indawo eqikelelweyo yesikhululo sasemajukujukwini ngokubhekisele kwisijikelezi-langa sethu.
Olu lwazi lunikezelwe kuthi yi-European Space Agency ESA. Ungayijonga kule link I-ESA ngokwayo kunye kwiphepha elizinikeleyo kwiwebhusayithi yeNASA. Kwakhona, unokuphendula imibuzo malunga nenjongo yeSikhululo seSithuba saMazwe ngaMazwe, isantya se-orbital, kunye nokunye apho.
Ukuba oko akwanelanga kuwe, i-NASA idibanisa kwiphepha layo leMifanekiso yoSuku. Nangona inganxulumananga ngokuthe ngqo neSikhululo seSithuba saMazwe ngaMazwe, kule ndawo unokufumana iifoto ezikumgangatho ophezulu kuzo zonke iikona zomhlaba. Ihlaziywa yonke imihla, icacisa ngokweenkcukacha into eboniswa yifoto kwaye isixelela nokuba yeyiphi isathelayithi lo mfanekiso uthathwe ngayo. Kwakhona, kweminye imifanekiso unokuthelekisa imeko yangoku yendawo eMhlabeni kunye nemifanekiso yangaphambili.
Ndingasibona phi isitishi sasemajukujukwini?
Ukongeza ekwazini ukuba siphi na iSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe ngoku, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufuna ukusibona sijonge phezulu. Ngokomgaqo, ngokutsho kweNASA ngokwayo, ISikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe yinto yesithathu eqaqambileyo esibhakabhakeni kwaye kulula ukuyibona. Akukho zibhayinotyhulasi okanye iteleskopu efunekayo, unokuyibona ngamehlo akho.
Kodwa ke iSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe asikho kuyo yonke indawo. Ukufumanisa ukuba singayibona phi, iNASA isinike imephu ebonisa ezona ndawo zibalaseleyo zokusibona iSikhululo saMajukujuku saMazwe ngaMazwe. Ungakhangela indawo yakho ukuze ucokise injongo yakho, okanye ujikeleze imephu ngokusondeza ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle ude ufumane indawo okuyo. Kuluhlu olwehlayo, ungakhankanya ilizwe, ilizwe/ummandla, kunye nesixeko. Ke ngoko, imephu iya kuziqhelanisa ukucanda indawo ekhethiweyo.
Nje ukuba ukhethe indawo, uya kubona uluhlu lwemihla ukuze wazi elona xesha lilungileyo lokujonga i-ISS ukusuka apho. Ikwakuxelela nokuba mingaphi imizuzu eya kubonakala, apho iya kuvela khona kwaye iya kunyamalala phi. Ilungele ukucwangcisa umboniso wakho wesikhululo sendawo, ukwazi ngokuthe ngqo apho kufuneka ube khona ukuze ungaphoswa naziphi na iinkcukacha.
Okokugqibela, ukuba ubhalisa kwiphepha leNASA, Uya kufumana izaziso ze-imeyile kunye nemihla emitsha kunye nemiyalelo yokubona i-ISS esibhakabhakeni. Ukuba uthanda ukujonga indawo, khumbula inkonzo yasimahla.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungazi ngakumbi malunga nendlela yokubona isikhululo samazwe ngamazwe.