Iintlango ziindawo zehlabathi ezineempawu zemozulu ezibi kakhulu. Kukho iimeko ezinobutshaba zokukhula kobomi kwiimeko ezilungileyo. Ke ngoko, uninzi lwezityalo kunye nezilwanyana kufuneka zenze uhlengahlengiso olutsha ukuze ziphile kwezi meko. Namhlanje siza kuthetha indlela eziphila ngayo entlango. Kukho uhlengahlengiso oluqinisekileyo oluye lwavumela izityalo ukuba zisinde kwezi ntlango zinkulu.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba izityalo zihlala njani entlango kwaye zeziphi izinto ekufuneka zenziwe ukuze zenze njalo.
Imozulu yasentlango
Kwimozulu yasentlango, kulawula inkqubo yomphunga. Kukulahleka kokufuma okubekwe kwindawo umphezulu ngenxa yokonyuka kolophu okubangelwa yimitha yelanga kunye namaqondo obushushu anyukayo. Kongezelelwa koku ukubila okuncinci okukhoyo kumanzi ezityalo. Into yokuvela komphunga ibangela ukuba isixa semvula sihlale ku Ixabiso eliphantsi kakhulu unyaka wonke. Amaxabiso ahlala kuma-250 mm ngonyaka. Idatha enqabileyo, ebonisa ukungabikho kotyani kunye nokufuma kwindalo esingqongileyo. Enye yezona ndawo zaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni njengemeko yemozulu yintlango yintlango yaseSahara.
Imozulu yentlango ibonakala ngokuhlala kufutshane neetropiki. Ububanzi apho uninzi lwentlango lufumaneka khona bujikeleze i-15 kunye ne-35 degrees. Kule mozulu yemozulu umphunga mkhulu kunemvula. Umgangatho womphunga unexabiso elingaphezulu kwelomgangatho wemvula. Yiyo le nto eyenza ukuba umhlaba ungakuvumeli ukumitha kobomi bezityalo.
Kwiindawo zoMbindi Mpuma zinemilinganiselo yeesentimitha ezingama-20 zemvula ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, ubungakanani bonyuka komphunga budlula iisentimitha ezingama-200. Oku kuthetha ukuba inqanaba lonyuko lonyuka ukuya kumaxesha angama-10 ngaphezulu kunamazinga emvula. Ngenxa yoku, ukufuma iphantsi kakhulu.
Ziphila njani izityalo entlango
Nje ukuba sazi ukuba zeziphi na iimeko zemozulu esentlango, siza kubona ukuba zeziphi izinto ezifanele ukwenziwa zizityalo ukuze ziphile kwezi mo zezulu. Makhe sibone ukuba zintoni:
Ulondolozo lwamanzi olukhulu
Izityalo ezifunda indlela yokuphila entlango zikwazi ukugcina amanzi. Siyazi ukuba izityalo ziphulukana namanzi ngenkqubo yomphunga. Le nkqubo kukuhamba kwamanzi kwisityalo ukuya emoyeni. Izityalo ezinomphezulu omkhulu zezo zibila ngokukhawuleza kwaye zilahlekelwe sisixa esikhulu samanzi. Kufuneka babe namanzi amaninzi kangangoko banako ukuze baphile. Uninzi lwezityalo ezomileyo zinamagqabi amancinci okanye ameva anciphisa umphezulu wawo ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi ngenkqubo yomphunga.
Ameva awanciphisi ukulahleka kwamanzi nje kuphela kodwa anceda nasekuthinteleni izilwanyana zingasityi isityalo. Zininzi izilwanyana ezizodwa Batya izityalo entlango ukuze babonelele ngamanzi. Elinye iqela lezityalo elinesi sicwangciso sokugcina amanzi yiSclerolaena.
Ukukhusela ubushushu
Elinye icebo lokufunda indlela izityalo eziphila ngayo entlango kukukhusela kubushushu. Siyazi ukuba iintlango zinamaqondo obushushu aphezulu emini kwaye ziphantsi kakhulu ebusuku. Izityalo ezinamagqabi aluhlaza zinokufunxa ubushushu. Oku kuthetha ukuba entlango ayizizo zonke izinto ezinomdla. Entlango, ukufunxa ubushushu yinto yokugqibela efunwa sisityalo. Ke ngoko, olunye ulungelelwaniso lwezi zityalo kukuba amagqabi ngombala ongwevu, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye umxube ongwevu, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noluhlaza. Lo mxube wemibala unceda ukunciphisa ukufakwa kobushushu. Umzekelo, ityholo okanye iblue-grey inokunciphisa ukufakwa kobushushu kwamagqabi ayo ngenxa yombala oluhlaza-grey.
Ziphila njani izityalo entlango: ukuzala kwakhona
Ukuzala yenye into ekufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kukho ubushushu obuninzi endaweni. Abantu bahlala bebaleka ubushushu ngokuhlala ngaphakathi ezindlwini. Oku kwenziwa linani leentlobo zezityalo zonyaka. Kwaye kukho izityalo ezininzi zonyaka ezigqityiweyo ubomi babo obufutshane ngexesha leemvula. Umjikelo wayo kukukhula, ukuvelisa imbewu kunye nokufa. Imbewu ihlala ilele kwaye iyakwazi ukuphila kwindawo ezomileyo.
Xa iimeko zokusingqongileyo ngaphandle zilungile, imbewu iyagqitywa kwaye izityalo zinokuthatha ithuba lokufuma. Ngokwesiqhelo ngeli xesha xa banokufuma okungakumbi kuxa entlango ungabona izityalo ezininzi.
Ukunyamezelana kwembalela
Olunye uhlengahlengiso oluveliswa zizityalo entlango kukunyamezelana nembalela. Ngexesha leenyanga zasehlotyeni okanye ixesha elide elomileyo, izityalo ezikwaziyo ukunyamezela imbalela zikhangeleka ngathi zifile. Zizityalo ezinciphisa umsebenzi wazo ubuncinci. Into eqhelekileyo kukuba zikhangeleka njengezityalo ezilula njengokungabikho kwamagqabi kwaye ngaphandle kwamagqabi afileyo. Nangona kunjalo, bakwimo yokulala ngelixa belinde imvula.
Okokugqibela, olunye ulungelelwaniso lokwazi ukuba izityalo ziphila njani entlango linqanaba lephotosynthesis. I-photosynthesis ayikho enye into ukuguqulwa kwekhabhoni dayokhsayidi, amanzi kunye namandla avela elangeni abe siswekile neoksijini. Izityalo zifunxa icarbon dioxide nge-stomata. Kwimozulu eshushu i-stomata siyadumba kwaye amanzi asenza umphunga. Oku kunceda ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamanzi. Ngokuchasene noko, kwiindawo ezibandayo i-stomata ihlala ivulekile. Indlela ye-C4 yiyo enceda izityalo zasentlango ukuba zifunxe ikhabhon dayoksayidi ngaphandle kokuphulukana namanzi. Isakhiwo esahlukileyo ngaphakathi kweeseli zakho esikuvumela ukuba ulungise ikhabhon diokside kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu yamanzi kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nendlela izityalo eziphila ngayo entlango.