Enye ye Umaleko woMhlaba ifunyenwe ngezantsi kwe-lithosphere yi indawo. Ngumaleko owenziwe ikakhulu lilitye eliqinileyo kwaye liphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu kunye nobushushu kangangokuba linokuziphatha ngendlela yeplastiki kunye nokuhamba. Ibizwa ngokuba ngumaleko obumbekayo ngenxa yokuthungwa kwayo kunye nokwakheka kwayo. Olu luhlu lunokusetyenziswa okuninzi kulwazi lweplanethi yethu nakwicandelo lejoloji.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela yonke into ofuna ukuyifumana malunga ne-asthenosphere.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Amatye abekwe kwindawo ye-asthenosphere anesisindo esisezantsi kunaleyo ifunyenwe kwi Uqweqwe lomhlaba. Oku kwenza ukuba amacwecwe eteknoloji ye-lithosphere akwazi ukushukuma kumphezulu womhlaba ngokungathi ayadada. Benza le ntshukumo ngokunyuka kwamatye kwaye bayayenza kancinci kakhulu.
Enye indlela yokubiza i-asthenosphere yingubo ephezulu. Siyakhumbula ukuba umaleko woMhlaba wohlulwe wabayi-3: uqweqwe, ingubo kunye nomxholo. Ezo ndawo zeplanethi iphela apho sinokufumana khona i-asthenosphere kufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba zingaphantsi kweelwandle. Kulapho kukho iindawo ezithile apho kukho ubukhulu obuncinci be-lithosphere. Siyabulela kule mimandla, ukubunjwa kunye nesakhiwo se-asthenosphere kunokuphandwa ngokubanzi.
Ubungqingqwa obupheleleyo boluhlu loMhlaba bususela kwi-62 ukuya kwi-217 yeemayile. Ubushushu bayo abunakulinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo kodwa bunokwaziwa ngophando olungangqalanga. Kukholelwa ukuba inokuba phakathi kwama-300 ukuya kuma-500 degrees Celsius. Ngenxa yolu bushushu bukhulu buba ngumaleko ngokupheleleyo. Oko kukuthi, inokubumba okunokubunjwa ngokungathi sasijongana nento efana ne-putty.
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, amatye axinene kwaye ayanyibilika ngokuyinxenye. Oku kungenxa yokuxutywa kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu abalunyamezelayo.
Imijelo yokuhambisa kwi-asthenosphere
Ewe, uvile ngoNdikhoyo Ukuhanjiswa kwemisinga yengubo yomhlaba. Le mibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi iya kuba ngumbulelo kwinto yokuba ubushushu busuka kwenye indawo buhanjiselwe kwenye ngokuhamba kolwelo olufana neliwa elityhidiweyo. Umsebenzi wokuhambisa ubushushu wee-convection currents zezi ziqhuba imisinga yolwandle yomhlaba, imozulu yomoya, kunye nejoloji.
Enkosi ngokuhamba kwamaqondo obushushu angaphakathi kunye namatye anyibilikisiweyo, iipleyiti zeetekoniki zinokuhamba. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili sokuba amazwekazi angalungiswanga endaweni enye, kodwa ahambe unyaka nonyaka nangona ebonakala ukuba ngumgama omncinci. Kwisithuba nje seminyaka engama-10.000 XNUMX amazwekazi ahambise ikhilomitha enye kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba sikuhlalutya oku kwinqanaba le Ixesha lejoloji Sinokuqinisekisa ukuba, kwixa elizayo izigidi zeminyaka ukusukela ngoku, kunokwenzeka ukuba amacwecwe eteknoloji aya kuphinda enze into eyayisaziwa njengelizwekazi eliphezulu elibizwa ngokuba yiPangea.
Ikhonkrithi yahlukile kuhanjiso ukususela okokugqibela kukudluliselwa kobushushu phakathi kwezinto ezinxibelelana ngqo. Yintoni ebangela ukuhanjiswa kwemithambo yengubo ngamatye anyibilikileyo enzulwini Ezijikeleza ngenxa yotshintsho kubushushu. La matye akwimeko engamanzi alulwelo ukuze aziphathe njengolunye ulwelo. Ziyaphakama zisuka ezantsi kwengubo kwaye emva kokuba zishushu kwaye zincinci zixinene ngenxa yobushushu bomongo woMhlaba.
Njengokuba iliwa liphulukana nobushushu kwaye lingena kuqweqwe lomhlaba, liyabanda ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, liyajiya. Ngale ndlela iyehla kwakhona isiya kwi-nucleus. Kukholelwa ukuba oku kusasazwa rhoqo kwilitye elinyibilikisiweyo kuko okunegalelo ngokuthe ngqo ekwenziweni kweentaba-mlilo, iinyikima kunye nokufuduswa kwamazwekazi.
Isantya sokuhambisa kunye nokubaluleka kwe-asthenosphere
Isantya esihamba ngaso imijelo yengubo yengubo ihlala i malunga ne-20mm / ngonyaka, ngenxa yoko ayinakuqwalaselwa njengexabiso elibonakalayo. Esi sikhombisi siphezulu kwisambatho esingaphezulu kwengqokelela yecalavu ekufutshane nengaphakathi. Umjikelo omnye wokuhambisa izinto kwi-asthenosphere ungathatha malunga ne-50 yezigidi zeminyaka. Ke ngoko, sele sichazile ngokubaluleka kokuhlalutya zonke ezi nkqubo ngexesha lejoloji. Esona sijikelezo sinzulu sengubo inokuthatha iminyaka engama-200 ezigidi.
Malunga nokubaluleka kwe-asthenosphere, sinokuthi ichaphazela imeko-bume ngokuhamba kolwandle kunye namacwecwe elizwekazi. Kwangelo xesha, imeko yamazwekazi kunye nezitya zolwandle ziyayitshintsha indlela umoya kunye nemozulu ezihamba ngayo emhlabeni. Ukuba ibingeyiyo le mibhobho yokuhanjiswa, intshukumo esele siyikhankanyile njengokukhukhula kwilizwekazi ngeyingekho. Linoxanduva lokuyilwa kweentaba, ugqabhuko-dubulo lwenyikima kunye nenyikima.
Nangona ezi ziganeko zinokuthathwa njengezitshabalalisayo kwixesha elifutshane, zininzi izibonelelo kwinqanaba lejoloji elinje ukuyilwa kobomi bezityalo ezitsha, ukudala indawo zokuhlala zendalo ezintsha kunye nokukhuthaza ukuziqhelanisa nezinto eziphilayo. Iimpembelelo ezahlukeneyo ezenziwa yi-asthenosphere emhlabeni ziyasebenza ukuze ubomi benzeke ngokwahluka okukhulu.
Ukongeza, i-asthenosphere ikwanoxanduva lokudala umhlaba omtsha. Ezi ndawo zibekwe kwimimandla yolwandlekazi apho ukuhanjiswa kuyenza le asthenosphere inyukele ngaphezulu. Njengoko into etyhidiweyo inenxalenye yokuhluma iyabanda, yazisa uqweqwe olutsha.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-asthenosphere.