Esinye seziqhekeza ezinezinto ezininzi eziphilayo kuLwandle lweMeditera yi indawo yengonyama. Ingeniso ebanzi yolu lwandle ejonge kunxweme olunentlabathi kwimimandla esemazantsi eFrance e-Occitania naseProvence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. Lo msantsa awaziwa nje kuphela ngejoloji yawo, kodwa kuba likhaya kwikota yazo zonke iintlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezifumaneka kuLwandle lweMeditera.
Ke ngoko, siza kulinikela eli nqaku ukuba likuxelele yonke into oyifunayo malunga neGulf of León, iimpawu zayo kunye nezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kuzo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
I-Gulf yaseLeón yahlulwe empuma yintlambo eyenziwe yinkomfa yoMlambo iRhone kunye noLwandle lweMeditera phakathi kwempuma neCôte d'Azur. Umda osentshona-ntshona kulapho iPyrenees idibana noLwandle lweMeditera, iFrance neSpain, yahlulwe kwiCosta Brava eCatalonia.
Ishelfu yelizwekazi ibonakaliswe apha njengethafa elikhulu eliselunxwemeni, kwaye iindawo eziselunxwemeni zithambeka ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwithafa lamanzi anzulu eMeditera. Unxweme luphawulwa bubukho obuqhubekayo bemisonto yamachibi kunye namachibi amaninzi. Ezinye iipasile, ikakhulu ilitye lekalika, zinqamlezwe zezi ndawo zinkulu zibanzi.
Elona zibuko libalaseleyo leMarseille, lilandelwe yiToulon. Indawo yokuloba kwingingqi yeGulf ilawulwa yikhowudi, ubukhulu becala ukuloba ngentambo emazantsi, kodwa ngoku iyancipha ngenxa yokuloba ngokugqithileyo. Lo ngummandla obandayo odumileyo, kunye nomoya obhudlayo, obizwa ngokuba ngumoya wasentshona okanye umoya we-mistral. Eyona milambo iphambili ingena kweli gophe yiTech (84,3 km), Têt (120 km), Aude (224 km), Orb (145 km), Hérault (160 km), Vidourle (85 km) naseRhone (812 km) ).
I-Bay yaseLeón ayisiyomida elula yelizwekazi, kodwa sisiphumo seqela le-Oligocene-Miocene Corsican-Sardinian elijikeleza ngokuchasene ne-Europa Craton. Oku kwandiswa ivuselele ubume besakhiwo esintsokothileyo esivela kwilifa likaTethys kunye nePyrenean orogeny. Ukuhamba kwe-orogenic ye-Eocene kubangele ukubonakala kweePyrenees ukucinezela kwaye kunciphise yonke indawo. Iingcali zejioloji ziqikelela ukuba kuya kubakho iindawo ezimbalwa zeoyile elunxwemeni.
Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeGulf of León
Iyaphawuleka iyantlukwano yendalo, kwaye indalo yayo etyebileyo ixhomekeke kwiplankton eninzi njengomthombo wokutya kweentlanzi ezininzi kunye neecetaceans. Isindululo se-LIC siqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwayo kwaye ukulandelelwa kwayo kubonelela indawo engenakuthelekiswa nanto yokuchaza ukuvela kweendawo zokuhlala ezinobuthathaka kunye neentlobos.
Iprojekthi ye-LIFE + INDEMARES eququzelelwe yi-Biodiversity Foundation yoMphathiswa Wezolimo, Ukutya kunye neNdalo - neziphumo zayo zabhengezwa ngo-Epreli wonyaka ophelileyo-iqinisekisile ukuba umwonyo ongaphantsi kwamanzi we-Bay of León unolwandle lweMeditera.
Umwonyo ongaphantsi kwamanzi yindawo yolwandle ebandakanya ishelufu lase-Cap de Creus kwilizwekazi kunye ne-Cap de Creus kunye ne-Lacaze-Duthiers imiwonyo emi ngaphezulu kwishelufa lase-France. Indawo yaselwandle ineekhilomitha ezingaphezu kwe-987 zeekhilomitha kunye neempawu ezizodwa zokusingqongileyo. Ikhuselwe sisindululo sayo njengeNdawo yokuBaluleka koLuntu (i-SCI). Ukubeka iliso kwayo kubonelela ngesakhelo esingenakuthelekiswa nanto se Chaza ukuvela kwamakhaya endalo abuthathaka kunye neentlobo, kudityaniswa nokhuselo. Imisebenzi ethile yoqoqosho lwasekhaya kuba yenye yezona ndawo zinemveliso kwiMeditera.
Inkqubo ye-canyon yasemanzini ikwicala elisempuma yonke iIberia Peninsula kunye ineentlobo ezingama-2.200 XNUMX, emele ikota yezilwanyana ezirekhodwe kwiMeditera.
Isithuba sibonisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwindawo encinci: indalo yonxweme, ishelufu kunye nemithambeka yezinto eziphila kuyo, kunye noluntu olungaphantsi kwamanzi, ngenxa yoko inezinga eliphezulu lezinto eziphilayo. Ubutyebi obuninzi bale ndawo ngokuyinxenye bubangelwa yinyambalala yeplankton, nenqanaba lokubanda leentlanzi ezixabisekileyo zorhwebo ezinjenge cod kunye ne krill, ekwangumthombo wokutya kweentlanzi ezininzi kunye neecetaceans.
Indawo yokuhlala neyantlukwano yeGulf of Leon
IMadrepora oculata kunye neLophelia pertusa, yenye yezona ndawo zigcinwa ngamanzi abandayo ezihlala kwiMeditera, zifumaneka kumanxweme angaphantsi kwamanzi eCap de Creus. Kuba uxinzelelo lwemisebenzi yabantu, ezi ntlobo ziye zanyamalala kwenye indawo.
Iidolphin ezinemigca kunye neminenga ixhaphakile kule ndawo, apho ihlengesi ezibhotile zibonakala nakwindawo zokuhlala ezingaselunxwemeni. Umwonyo ukwindawo yokuhlala ebalulekileyo yeentaka. Phakathi kwazo, amanzi amdaka oMeditera amile, anokubonwa ngosuku olunye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-specimens eziyi-1.200, kunye namanzi ashushu e-Balearic. Ebusika, ii-terns ezinenyawo ezimnyama ziyaphuphuma emanzini e-canyon, kunye ne-Audouin's gulls kunye ne-Atlantic gannets.
Indawo eyahlukeneyo yokuhlala kunye nolwandle ikwalikhaya lezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinendlela yokuphila eyahlukileyo, enje Iifayile zokucoca ulwelo, izisusensivores, izinto ezingafunekiyo, abahlaseli kunye nabazingeli. Zonke ziyaxhamla kwimveliso yebhayiloji ephezulu yamanzi olwandle eGulf of León.
Olu luhlobo lutyebileyo luphendula kwizinto ezininzi, ezi zinto zibonakala ngokungaqhelekanga ngaxeshanye kwindawo yolwandle yenkqubo ye-canyon yasentshona yeGulf of Lion, kunye nexabiso layo elikhulu lendalo liyenza ibe lilifa lemveli laseYurophu.
Ulondolozo lweentlobo
Ukuba sifuna ukulondoloza iintlobo ezikhoyo kwezi ndawo zendalo, kubalulekile ukwazisa imithetho elawula inani lezinto ezinokwenziwa. Enye yeendlela zokwandisa ulwazi kubemi kukufundisa ngendalo. Enkosi ngayo sinokudlulisela kubemi amaxabiso olondolozo kunye Ukubaluleka kwale nkqubo yezinto eziphilayo kunye nokuyigcina ixesha elide. Eyona njongo iphambili kukukwazi ukulondolozwa kwendalo kunye nokuqhubeka nokukhupha izibonelelo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuthotywa kwendalo yazo zonke iintlobo ezikhankanywe ngasentla.
Njengoko ubona, iGulf of Lion isityebi kakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo kunye nokukhuselwa kwayo kubalulekile. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga neGulf of Lion kunye neempawu zayo.