imvula eyenziweyo

Omnye wemiba ekuxoxwa ngayo ngemeteorology yile imvula eyenziweyo. Ngenxa yeemeko ezinokubakho zembalela ethabatha ixesha elide nokwanda kwenani lembalela namandla azo okubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemozulu, kwenziwa iinzame zokuyila imvula eyenziweyo ukuze kupheliswe iziphumo zembalela nokubonelela ngemithombo yamanzi kubemi.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela malunga nezifundo ezahlukeneyo eziye zenziwa kwimvula eyenziweyo kunye noko kuphunyeziweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.

imvula eyenziweyo

Amanzi yenye yezona zixhobo zendalo zixabisekileyo emhlabeni kwaye, kweminye imimandla, yenye yezona zinqabileyo. Kutshanje, ngenxa yefuthe lokutshintsha kwemozulu, imbalela iya ithatha ixesha elide. Yiyo loo nto izazinzulu kulo lonke ilizwe belifunda imvula eyenziweyo ukusukela ngo-1940, nangona iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuyilawula zingekafunyanwa. Sekunjalo, amazwe aliqela asaqhubeka ezama ukutyalwa ngamafu, njengeTshayina neUnited Arab Emirates.

Iindlela zobuchule ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zixhomekeke ekutshizeni amafu ngeekhemikhali ezifana ne-iodide yesilivere okanye ikharbon diokside engumkhenkce ukuyila umjikelo wokujiya emafini, okukhokelela kwimvula. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwale nkqubo akukangqinwa.

Nangona kunjalo, emva kweminyaka yophando kunye nophuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe, iZiko leSizwe leMeteorological le-United Arab Emirates liye lakwazi okokuqala ukuvelisa imvula eyenziwe ngaphandle kwemichiza. Ukwenza oku, basebenzisa iqela leedrone ezikhupha umbane emafini, nto leyo eyenza imvula. Le nkqubo kufuneka ilawulwe kakuhle, njengoko amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kulo mmandla anokwenza umoya ufudumale kwaye ufume. ukunyuka kumoya opholileyo kwi-atmosfera, ukuvelisa imimoya efikelela kuma-40 km/h. Ngenxa yoko, ukuqina kwemvula eyenziwe eDubai iphezulu kwaye yenza kube nzima ukuba izithuthi zijikeleze kwezinye iindawo.

Imbewu yelifu

Ngokwecala layo, i-China sele ibhengeze kulo nyaka ukuba iyakwandisa i-cloud seed. Amagunya ase-Asiya ebezama ukulawula imozulu amashumi eminyaka, ebhengeza kwasekuqaleni kuka-2021 ukuba baya kwandisa imbewu yelifu ukuya kwi-5,5 yezigidi zeekhilomitha zeekhilomitha, kuphela kule nto. ityala i-China iya kuqhubeka izama imichiza.

Oku kunokuba neziphumo ezingalindelekanga kokusingqongileyo, ngakumbi ukuba kujongwe ukuba kufakwe ngokucwangcisiweyo kunokuba ngexesha. Kwelinye icala, yonke into esetyenzisiweyo kwinkqubo inokuwela phezulu kwaye inyibilike kwimvula eyivelisayo, enokuthi iguqule indalo eyohlukeneyo yommandla.

Oososayensi bakwanoloyiko lokuba eli nyathelo laseTshayina liza kuchaphazela imimandla eselumelwaneni, efana nemvula yasehlotyeni eIndiya. IYunivesithi yaseTaiwan iphinde yagxeka ukuba olu vavanyo lunokuthetha "ubusela bemvula".

Nangona ukusebenza kakuhle kwembewu yamafu kungangqinwanga, izazinzulu sele zilumkisa ukuba ukuphathwa kwemvula akusiso isisombululo kwingxaki yokwenene: ukutshintsha kwemozulu.

Yenziwa njani imvula eyenziweyo

Amaqondo obushushu kuMbindi Mpuma agqithe kuma-50°C kweli hlobo. Kwi-United Arab Emirates (UAE), igagasi lobushushu lizise awona bushushu obuphezulu kwirekhodi yelo xesha lonyaka.

Okwangoku, imvula ilinganiselwe kwiimilimitha ezimbalwa ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, iividiyo ezininzi ziye zavela kwiintanethi zentlalo ezibonisa izantyalantyala zemvula kule ndawo. Yingakho abaninzi baye bacebisa ukuba i-United Arab Emirates yenze imvula yokufakelwa.

Imbewu yamafu sisenzo sokulawula imozulu esele ikho iminyaka engama-80. Luhlobo lwe-geoengineering oludla ngokuba ngumxholo wempikiswano kuba ukusebenza kwayo kuhlala kuthandabuzeka. Ikhutshwa zizinto ezifana ne-silver iodide esefini, ethi ibangele ukujiya kwamathontsi amanzi ize ivelise imvula engeyiyo.

I-iodide yesilivere isebenza njenge "scaffold" apho iimolekyuli zamanzi zinokuncamathela de zibenzima kangangokuba ziwele emhlabeni. Ngale ndlela, amafu alula anokuthi ngokwethiyori aguquke abe ziinkqwithela zokwenyani, ezikwaziyo ukumelana nembalela.

EUnited States, ukuveliswa kwemvula engeyiyo kwakusetyenziswa emkhosini ngaphambi kokuba uvalwe ziZizwe Ezimanyeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusebenza kwayo kungquzulwano akuzange kungqinwe. Ukulawula imozulu kusetyenziswa ukuthintela izaqhwithi ezinobundlobongela ukuba zigqobhoze amafu. Ukususela ngo-1990, I-UAE isungule iziko lophando elixhaswa ngurhulumente elinikezelwe kwimbewu yamafu.

Imvula eyenziweyo kumazwe aseArabia

Injongo kukuphucula ukufumaneka kwamanzi, apho inkqubo ineenqwelomoya ezintandathu kunye ne-1.5 yezigidi zeerandi kwinkxaso-mali. “Iimvula eziphuculweyo zinokumela ubutyebi bezoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza okuya kwandisa ugcino lwamanzi lwangoku kwiindawo eziyimiqwebedu kunye nezomileyo,” ifundeka njalo i-website yeli phulo. I-UAE inqwenela ukuba yinkokeli kwimvula eyenziweyo.

Iividiyo ezininzi zezandyondyo zemvula zelizwe zivela kwitshaneli yeYouTube ye-UAE's National Centre for Meteorology (NCM). Le arhente iphinde yapapasha iitweets ezininzi ngezona veki zishushu kakhulu kulo mmandla, kunye ne-hashtag #cloud_seeding. Kodwa nangona kunjalo, akucaci ukuba kwenzeke ntoni kweli hlobo. Enyanisweni, i-NCM yabanga ukuba ezi ziganeko zaziqhelekileyo ngeli xesha.

Ngo-2019, i-UAE yenze ubuncinci imisebenzi ye-185 yokuhlwayela ilifu. Ekupheleni kwaloo nyaka, izantyalantyala zemvula nezikhukula zavala iimoto ezitratweni. Kwi-2021, i-NCM iya kuqhuba iindiza ze-126 zefu, ezibandakanya i-14 phakathi noJulayi, ukuvelisa imvula yokufakelwa, ngokutsho kwephephandaba iGulf Today.

E-US, lo mkhuba uye wavalwa kumazwe afana nePennsylvania, ngelixa kwezinye iindawo zelizwe uthandwa ngexesha lembalela. Phakathi kuka-1979 kunye no-1981, iSpain nayo yazama ukuvelisa imvula eyenziwe nge-"Enhanced Precipitation Project". Nangona kunjalo, imvula ayizange inyuke ngenxa yokukhula kwamafu. Impumelelo kukulwa nesichotho, indlela esetyenziswe kwimimandla emininzi yaseSpain ukuphepha ilahleko yezolimo.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemvula eyenziweyo kunye nemiphumo enokuba nayo.