Los Imijikelezo yaseMilankovich isekelwe kwinto yokuba utshintsho lwe-orbital luxanduva lwexesha lomkhenkce kunye ne-interglacial period. Imozulu iyahluka ngokweeparamitha ezintathu ezisisiseko eziguqula ukuhamba koMhlaba. Abantu abaninzi bathi utshintsho lwemozulu kwiMilankovitch cycles, kodwa oku akunjalo.
Ngenxa yesi sizathu, siya kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela indlela imijikelezo yaseMilankovitch esebenza ngayo kunye nokuba kubaluleke kangakanani isibini semozulu kwiplanethi yethu.
Yintoni imijikelo yaseMilankovit?
Sijongene nenye yezona modeli zibalulekileyo zenzululwazi. Ngaphambi kokufika komjikelezo weMilankovitch ngekhulu lama-XNUMX, izinto eziphazamisana nokutshintsha kwemozulu eMhlabeni zazingaziwa kakhulu kwinzululwazi. Abaphandi abafana noJoseph Adhémar okanye uJames Croll bafuna iimpendulo ukusuka kumakhenkce aphakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ukuya kumaxesha okutshintsha kwemozulu. Upapasho lwakhe kunye nophando lwakhe lwalungahoywa kwaze kwaba yilapho isazi sezibalo saseSerbia uMilankovic sazifumana kwaye saqalisa ukusebenza kwithiyori eyatshintsha yonke into.
Ngoku siyazi ukuba abantu baphembelela njani utshintsho lwemozulu, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ayisiyiyo kuphela into. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu eMhlabeni nako kunokuchazwa yimpembelelo yezinto ezingaphandle kwiplanethi. Imijikelo yaseMilankovitch ichaza ukuba utshintsho lwe-orbital lunegalelo njani kutshintsho lwemozulu yoMhlaba.
Iiparamitha zomjikelezo weMilankovich
Imozulu inxulunyaniswe notshintsho lwe-orbital. UMilankovich ukholelwa ukuba ukukhanya kwelanga akwanelanga ukutshintsha ngokupheleleyo imozulu yoMhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho kwi-orbit yomhlaba lunokwenzeka. Yile ndlela achazwa ngayo:
- Umkhenkce: ukucaca okuphezulu, ukuthambeka okuphantsi, kunye nemigama emikhulu phakathi koMhlaba neLanga kubangela umahluko omncinane phakathi kwamaxesha onyaka.
- Imikhenkce: I-eccentricity ephantsi, ukuthambeka okuphezulu, kunye nemigama emifutshane phakathi koMhlaba kunye neLanga, ekhokelela kumaxesha ahlukeneyo onyaka.
Ngokutsho kwethiyori yaseMilankovitch, iguqula intshukumo yokuguqulela kunye nokujikeleza kweplanethi esekwe kwiiparamitha ezintathu ezisisiseko:
- I-eccentricity ye-orbit. Isekwe kwindlela owolule ngayo i-ellipse. Ukuba i-orbit yomhlaba i-elliptical ngakumbi, i-eccentricity inkulu, kwaye ngokuphambeneyo ukuba isesetyhula. Olu tshintsho lunokwenza i-1% ukuya kwi-11% umahluko kubungakanani bemitha yelanga efunyanwa nguMhlaba.
- Utyekelo. Olu lutshintsho kwi-engile ye-axis yomjikelezo woMhlaba. Idiphu iguquguquka phakathi kwe-21,6º kunye ne-24,5º rhoqo kwiminyaka engama-40.000.
- Ukulungiselela Sithetha ngokwenza i-axis yokujikeleza ngokuchasene necala lokujikeleza. Umphumo wayo kwimozulu ngumphumo wokutshintsha izikhundla ezihambelana ne-solstices kunye ne-equinoxes.
Isazi sezibalo saseSerbia sinethemba lokubonisa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX ukuba, ukongezelela kwimpembelelo yomntu, kufuneka siqonde indlela isijikelezi-langa esiziphatha ngayo nendlela utshintsho olunokutshintsha ngayo imozulu.
Nangona kunjalo, indima yethu kutshintsho lwemozulu ayinakuphikiswa. Umntu utshintsha indlela yokuziphatha kwemijikelezo eqhelekileyo yoMhlaba kunye nemozulu, ngoko ke kufuneka siqale ukuba nokuziphatha okuzinzileyo okukhusela okusingqongileyo.
iziphumo zemozulu
Okwangoku, ngenxa yokuba uMhlaba uhamba kwi-perihelion ngexesha lobusika obukumantla we-hemisphere (ngoJanuwari), umgama omfutshane ukusuka elangeni ukhusela ngokuyinxenye ingqele yasebusika kuloo hemisphere. Ngokufanayo, kuba uMhlaba use-aphelion ngexesha lasehlotyeni lehemisfere esemantla (Julayi), kumgama omkhulu ukusuka elangeni ikhusela ubushushu behlobo. Ngamanye amazwi, ulwakhiwo lwangoku lokujikeleza koMhlaba ukujikeleza ilanga lunceda ekunciphiseni umahluko wonyaka wobushushu kwi-Northern Hemisphere.
Ngokuchasene noko, iiyantlukwano zonyaka kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi ziye zagxininiswa. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko ihlobo lide emantla kwaye ubusika bufutshane xa ilanga likude ukusuka eMhlabeni, umahluko kwidama lamandla onyaka elifunyenweyo awukho mkhulu kangako.
Iingcamango
Iithiyori zemveli ze-paleoclimate zibonisa ukuba i-glacialization kunye ne-deglazing yaqala kwizide eziphakamileyo kwi-hemisphere esemantla yaza yasasazeka kuwo wonke umhlaba. NgokukaMilankovitch, ihlobo elipholileyo liyafuneka kumntla wehemisphere ukuze kuncitshiswe ukunyibilika kwehlobo kunye nokuvumela ikhephu elingakumbi. Ukwindla kuza ebusika ngaphambili.
Ukuze kwenzeke oku kufumba kwekhephu nomkhenkce, ukukhululeka ehlotyeni kufuneka kube phantsi, okwenzeka xa ihlobo lasentla lidibana ne-aphelion. Oku kwenzeka malunga neminyaka engama-22.000 eyadlulayo, xa kwabakho owona mkhenkce mkhulu (naye uyenzeka ngoku, kodwa ngempembelelo enkulu kunanamhlanje ngenxa ye-eccentricity enkulu ye-orbit). Ngokuchaseneyo, ilahleko yomkhenkce yelizwekazi ilungile xa iindawo eziphakamileyo zinokwaleka kakhulu ehlotyeni kunye nokungabi nandawo yokuphumla ebusika, okukhokelela ehlotyeni elishushu (ukunyibilika ngakumbi) kunye nobusika obubandayo (ikhephu elincinane).
Le meko yafikelela umlinganiselo kwiminyaka emalunga ne-11.000 XNUMX eyadlulayo.. Izikhundla ze-perihelion kunye ne-aphelion ziguqula ukuhanjiswa kwexesha lonyaka lamandla elanga kwaye zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwinkqubo yokugqibela ye-deglacial.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokuba ubushushu bemitha ehlotyeni buchasana ngokuchanekayo nexesha lasehlotyeni. Oku kungenxa yomthetho wesibini kaKepler, othi ukunyakaza koMhlaba kukhawuleza njengoko kudlula kwi-perihelion. Esi sisithende sika-Achilles sethiyori yokuba ubukho bangaphambili bulawula i-Ice Age. Idiphu ibaluleke ngaphezu kwe-precession kunye ne-peculiarities ye-precession xa ithathela ingqalelo i-intest yelanga ngexesha lasehlotyeni (okanye kungcono, ngexesha leentsuku xa i-mantle yasentla inyibilika). Umjikelo we-equinox precession cycle unokuba ngqongqo ngakumbi kwimozulu yetropikhi kunemimandla epholileyo, apho i-axial tilt ibonakala idlala indima enkulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nemijikelo yaseMilankovich kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo imozulu.