Phakathi kwendalo yendalo ebaluleke kakhulu kwindalo kunye nolondolozo lwendalo, zezi imigxobhozo. Injongo yonyaka kukwenza abantu bazi ngesidingo sokukhusela ezi zinto zixabisekileyo zendalo. Ke ngoko, umhla we-2 kuFebruwari kunyaka ngamnye lusuku lweMhlaba oManzi. Umgxobhozo yi-ecosystem apho umhlaba ugxinwa ngokusisigxina okanye ngamaxesha athile ngamanzi. Oku kunokwenzeka kumanzi endalo kunye nakwezinye iindawo ezinetyuwa.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yeyiphi imigxobhozo, zeziphi ezona mpawu ziphambili kwaye zibaluleke kangakanani.
Yintoni umgxobhozo
Yinkqubo yendalo yendalo, enobungakanani bendalo, esekwe kumhlaba rhoqo okanye ugutyungelwe ngokusisigxina zizikhukula. Ezi ecosystem zinokuvela kwiindawo apho kukho amanzi amatsha okanye apho kukho amanzi anetyuwa. Ngenxa yezi mpawu, imigxobhozo iyakwazi kugcinwa isixa esikhulu sezinto ezahlukeneyo zokwenza indalo kunye nobutyebi bendalo ngendalo engenakuthelekiswa nanto.
USuku lweMigxobhozo lweHlabathi ligxininisa ukubaluleka kwemigxobhozo kuba ibalulekile kwikamva lethu lokuphila okuzinzileyo. Imigxobhozo inokuba yendalo okanye yenziwe ngumntu. Iindidi ezithile zemigxobhozo yendalo zinokukhula zenze imigxobhozo, eminye imigxobhozo kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo, ii-peatlands, njl. Kwelinye icala, sinokubona imigxobhozo eyenziweyo okanye eguqulweyo. Nanini na xa iimeko zokusingqongileyo zivuma, inokugcina ukufuma okwethutyana nangokusisigxina.
Ngokubanzi, ezi ntlobo zemigxobhozo eyakhiweyo ziyakhiwa ukukhusela izityalo nezilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni wokuphela. Isetyenziselwa iinjongo zokhenketho ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zokusingqongileyo kunye nokunceda ukusasaza ixabiso lokhuselo lwendalo.
Iindidi zemigxobhozo
Kuba le migxobhozo ityebe kakhulu, ibe zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela indalo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemigxobhozo, kwaye zihlelwa ngokohlobo lwamanzi azenzayo kunye nezinye iimpawu ekufuneka sizilandele. Umahluko ophambili phakathi kweentlobo zemigxobhozo luhlobo lwamanzi. Sifumana imigxobhozo yamanzi amdaka kunye namanzi anetyuwa. Siyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwemigxobhozo yendalo kunye nemigxobhozo eyenziwe ngabantu.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemigxobhozo:
- Umgxobhozo woMlambo: Ngumgxobhozo oneempawu zendalo nohlobo lwamanzi amatsha. Zihlala zenziwe yimilambo, imilambo kunye neengxangxasi.
- Imigxobhozo echibiZenziwe ngamachibi kunye nolwandle lwamanzi acocekileyo.
- Iipalustres zetropical: Kubandakanya iindawo ezinemithombo emincinci, i-oases, amathafa ezikhukhula, amahlathi omgxobhozo, imigxobhozo kunye neebhogi. Olona phawu luphambili lolu hlobo lwemigxobhozo kukuba yonke inemithombo yendalo kwaye amanzi amatsha.
- Imigxobhozo yaselwandle: Njengoko igama libonisa, yimigxobhozo yendalo, kodwa yenziwe ngamanzi anetyuwa. Zivame ukuvela kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni apho ulwandle lungekho nzulu, njengamatye athile, iilwandle ezinesanti kunye neendawo ezithile zegrabile.
- Izinto ezingezizo: leyo yimigxobhozo eveliswe yimisebenzi yabantu ngeenjongo zokugcina okanye ukulawula umthamo othile wamanzi. Apha singabona amadama kunye namadama. Banokuba nenjongo yokugcina isixa esithile okanye iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezikhuselweyo.
- Amachweba: imilambo emininzi yenza amachweba phambi kwemilomo yawo yokugqibela kwaye eminye imigxobhozo yenziwe. Olona phawu lwabo luphambili kukuba baqulathe amanzi anetyiwa asuka kumachweba kwaye inemvelaphi yendalo. Ngamanye amaxesha iyakwazi ukwenza imigxobhozo yamanzi anetyuwa okanye iindawo zemangrove.
- Amanzi anetyuwa echibi lamanzi Ijongeka kakhulu njengangaphambili, kodwa zombini amachibi kunye namachibi amtyuba njengoko afunyanwa kwimimandla eselunxwemeni. Kananjalo zinemvelaphi yendalo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ukuze i-ecosystem iqatshelwe njengomgxobhozo, kufuneka ihlangabezane nezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Iyaqwalaselwa Iindawo zotshintsho okanye utshintsho oluthe chu phakathi kweenkqubo zasemanzini nezomhlaba. Oko kukuthi, zithathwa njengendawo exubeneyo yendalo kuba zigcina ezinye zeempawu zendalo kunye nenye. Sifumanise ukuba ezinye iindawo zijolise ikakhulu kwindalo ephilayo yasemhlabeni, ngelixa ezinye zijolise ikakhulu kwizinto eziphilayo zaselwandle.
- Yimimandla yezikhukula, ngenxa yoko inokuba yindawo yethutyana okanye esisigxina. Iindawo zethutyana zivela kwiindawo ezineendawo ezincinanana ezincinci, ezikhukula ngokulula xa kunetha kakhulu.
- Amanzi emigxobhozo kufuneka abe ngamanzi amileyo, imilambo emincinci, amanzi amatsha okanye amanzi anetyuwa, kwaye zibandakanya iindawo ezincinci zolwandlekazi ezinobunzulu obuthile. Iziphumo zamaza emigxobhozo ziphantsi kakhulu. Ngokubanzi, lo mphumo awuyi kudlula kwiimitha ezi-6.
- Umda womhlaba omanzi uya kumiselwa ngohlobo lohlaza kwindawo nganye. Uhlaza hydrophilic, oko kukuthi, kufuneka utyekelo elungileyo amanzi. Kuyenzeka ukwahlula phakathi kwezityalo ezingezo-hydrophilic kunye nezityalo ezimele umda womhlaba omanzi, apho enye indawo ye-ikhosistim iphela kwaye iqala ngemeko-bume yomhlaba ngokupheleleyo.
- Imigxobhozo yindawo efanelekileyo yokuhlala kwinani elikhulu leentlobongakumbi iintaka ezifudukayo ezondla kwaye ziphumle kwimigxobhozo kwihlabathi jikelele. Singafumana izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezinjengezilwanyana ezanyisayo, izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo, izilwanyana eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, iintlanzi nezinambuzane.
Ukubaluleka kwendalo kwemigxobhozo
Umgxobhozo yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kwindalo ukuze kusebenze indalo. Bayakwazi ukugcina ukwahlukahlukana kweentlobo ezininzi zeentaka, iintlanzi kunye namanye amaqela ezilwanyana. Zikwaphuhlisa nezityalo ezixhomekeke emanzini.
Ukuba songeza ixabiso kwihlabathi lomntu, imigxobhozo inokudala iindawo zokuvelisa ukutya kwaye ifuna amanzi amaninzi ukuba ikhule, njengerayisi. Eminye imiba ebaluleke kakhulu ekugcineni ukufuma kukulawulwa komjikelo wamanzi, kubandakanya umphezulu kunye namanzi amdaka. Ikwabandakanyeka ngokukuko kulawulo lokhukhuliseko kunye nokulawulwa kwemijikelezo yezondlo.
Ngesi sizathu, uninzi lwemigxobhozo inolawulo lokhuselo oluthathelwa ingqalelo njengolondolozo lwendalo. Kule nqanaba namandla olawulo lolawulo imisebenzi yezoqoqosho inikwe umda kuphando kunye nokungena kwabakhenkethi okulawulwa kakhulu. Konke oku kwenzelwa ukugcina ubuninzi bezinto eziphilayo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungafunda banzi malunga nokuba yintoni na imigxobhozo nokubaluleka kwayo.